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-%s or -o option
-ilrsD or -c command or -O shopt_option (invocation only)
malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched
(wd: %s) (core dumped) line $%s: cannot assign in this way %c%c: invalid option %d: invalid file descriptor: %s %s can be invoked via %s has null exportstr %s is %s
%s is a function
%s is a shell builtin
%s is a shell keyword
%s is aliased to `%s'
%s is hashed (%s)
%s is not bound to any keys.
%s out of range %s%s%s: %s (error token is "%s") %s: %s %s: %s out of range %s: %s: bad interpreter %s: %s: cannot open as FILE %s: %s: compatibility value out of range %s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor %s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array %s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes %s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated) %s: ambiguous job spec %s: ambiguous redirect %s: arguments must be process or job IDs %s: bad network path specification %s: bad substitution %s: binary operator expected %s: cannot allocate %lu bytes %s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated) %s: cannot assign fd to variable %s: cannot assign list to array member %s: cannot assign to non-numeric index %s: cannot convert associative to indexed array %s: cannot convert indexed to associative array %s: cannot create: %s %s: cannot delete: %s %s: cannot destroy array variables in this way %s: cannot execute binary file %s: cannot execute binary file: %s %s: cannot execute: %s %s: cannot get limit: %s %s: cannot modify limit: %s %s: cannot open temp file: %s %s: cannot open: %s %s: cannot overwrite existing file %s: cannot read: %s %s: cannot unset %s: cannot unset: readonly %s %s: circular name reference %s: command not found %s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s
%s: expression error
%s: file is too large %s: file not found %s: first non-whitespace character is not `"' %s: hash table empty
%s: history expansion failed %s: host unknown %s: illegal option -- %c
%s: inlib failed %s: integer expression expected %s: invalid action name %s: invalid argument %s: invalid array origin %s: invalid associative array key %s: invalid callback quantum %s: invalid file descriptor specification %s: invalid limit argument %s: invalid line count %s: invalid option %s: invalid option name %s: invalid service %s: invalid shell option name %s: invalid signal specification %s: invalid timeout specification %s: invalid variable name for name reference %s: is a directory %s: job %d already in background %s: job has terminated %s: line %d: %s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d) %s: missing colon separator %s: nameref variable self references not allowed %s: no completion specification %s: no job control %s: no such job %s: not a function %s: not a regular file %s: not a shell builtin %s: not an array variable %s: not an indexed array %s: not dynamically loaded %s: not found %s: numeric argument required %s: option requires an argument %s: option requires an argument -- %c
%s: parameter null or not set %s: readonly function %s: readonly variable %s: reference variable cannot be an array %s: restricted %s: restricted: cannot redirect output %s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names %s: substring expression < 0 %s: unary operator expected %s: unbound variable %s: usage: %s: variable may not be assigned value (( expression )) (core dumped) (wd now: %s)
. filename [arguments] /dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking /tmp must be a valid directory name ABORT instruction Aborting... Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.
Options:
-n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
Arguments:
+N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with
zero) is at the top.
-N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting
from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with
zero) is at the top.
dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. Alarm (profile) Alarm (virtual) Alarm clock Arithmetic for loop.
Equivalent to
(( EXP1 ))
while (( EXP2 )); do
COMMANDS
(( EXP3 ))
done
EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is
omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. BPT trace/trap Bad system call Bogus signal Broken pipe Bus error CPU limit Child death or stop Common shell variable names and usage.
BASH_VERSION Version information for this Bash.
CDPATH A colon-separated list of directories to search
for directories given as arguments to `cd'.
GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to
be ignored by pathname expansion.
HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored.
HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain.
HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running
shell can access.
HOME The complete pathname to your login directory.
HOSTNAME The name of the current host.
HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under.
IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF
character as the sole input. If set, then the value
of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen
in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit
(default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input.
MACHTYPE A string describing the current system Bash is running on.
MAILCHECK How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail.
MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks
for new mail.
OSTYPE The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on.
PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when
looking for commands.
PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each
primary prompt.
PS1 The primary prompt string.
PS2 The secondary prompt string.
PWD The full pathname of the current directory.
SHELLOPTS A colon-separated list of enabled shell options.
TERM The name of the current terminal type.
TIMEFORMAT The output format for timing statistics displayed by the
`time' reserved word.
auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by
itself is first looked for in the list of currently
stopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded.
A value of `exact' means that the command word must
exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A
value of `substring' means that the command word must
match a substring of the job. Any other value means that
the command must be a prefix of a stopped job.
histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick
substitution. The first character is the history
substitution character, usually `!'. The second is
the `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The
third is the `history comment' character, usually `#'.
HISTIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which
commands should be saved on the history list.
Continue Define local variables.
Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can
be any option accepted by `declare'.
Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible
only to the function where they are defined and its children.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, a variable
assignment error occurs, or the shell is not executing a function. Define shell function.
Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,
NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,
the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's
name is in $FUNCNAME.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless NAME is readonly. Display or execute commands from the history list.
fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.
FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a
string, which means the most recent command beginning with that
string.
Options:
-e ENAME select which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,
then vi
-l list lines instead of editing
-n omit line numbers when listing
-r reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first)
With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is
re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.
A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'
runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes
the last command.
Exit Status:
Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs. Display or set file mode mask.
Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints
the current value of the mask.
If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;
otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1).
Options:
-p if MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input
-S makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output
Exit Status:
Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given. Display possible completions depending on the options.
Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible
completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against
WORD are generated.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. Display process times.
Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its
child processes.
Exit Status:
Always succeeds. Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get
back up through the list with the `popd' command.
Options:
-c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements
-l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative
to your home directory
-p print the directory stack with one entry per line
-v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed
with its position in the stack
Arguments:
+N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by
dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.
-N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by
dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. Done Done(%d) EMT instruction Enable and disable shell builtins.
Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to
execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
without using a full pathname.
Options:
-a print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled
-n disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins
-p print the list of builtins in a reusable format
-s print only the names of Posix `special' builtins
Options controlling dynamic loading:
-f Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME
-d Remove a builtin loaded with -f
Without options, each NAME is enabled.
To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin
version, type `enable -n test'.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs. Evaluate arithmetic expression.
The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic
evaluation. Equivalent to "let EXPRESSION".
Exit Status:
Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise. Evaluate arithmetic expressions.
Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in
fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0
is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is
grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed
in order of decreasing precedence.
id++, id-- variable post-increment, post-decrement
++id, --id variable pre-increment, pre-decrement
-, + unary minus, plus
!, ~ logical and bitwise negation
** exponentiation
*, /, % multiplication, division, remainder
+, - addition, subtraction
<<, >> left and right bitwise shifts
<=, >=, <, > comparison
==, != equality, inequality
& bitwise AND
^ bitwise XOR
| bitwise OR
&& logical AND
|| logical OR
expr ? expr : expr
conditional operator
=, *=, /=, %=,
+=, -=, <<=, >>=,
&=, ^=, |= assignment
Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable
is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within
an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute
turned on to be used in an expression.
Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
rules above.
Exit Status:
If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise. Evaluate conditional expression.
This is a synonym for the "test" builtin, but the last argument must
be a literal `]', to match the opening `['. Execute arguments as a shell command.
Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell,
and execute the resulting commands.
Exit Status:
Returns exit status of command or success if command is null. Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.
Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
`until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.
Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the
`while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. Execute commands based on conditional.
The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the
`then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is
executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding
`then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,
the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the
entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero
if no condition tested true.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. Execute commands based on pattern matching.
Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The
`|' is used to separate multiple patterns.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. Execute commands for each member in a list.
The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a
list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in "$@"' is
assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and
the COMMANDS are executed.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. Execute commands from a file in the current shell.
Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The
entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.
If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters
when FILENAME is executed.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if
FILENAME cannot be read. Execute conditional command.
Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional
expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used
by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:
( EXPRESSION ) Returns the value of EXPRESSION
! EXPRESSION True if EXPRESSION is false; else false
EXPR1 && EXPR2 True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false
EXPR1 || EXPR2 True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false
When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of
the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.
When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator
is matched as a regular expression.
The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to
determine the expression's value.
Exit Status:
0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION. Execute shell builtins.
Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command
lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin
as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.
Exit Status:
Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is
not a shell builtin.. Exit %d Exit a login shell.
Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed
in a login shell. Exit for, while, or until loops.
Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing
loops.
Exit Status:
The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1. Exit the shell.
Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status
is that of the last command executed. File limit Floating point exception GNU bash, version %s (%s)
GNU bash, version %s-(%s)
GNU long options:
Group commands as a unit.
Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an
entire set of commands.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. HFT input data pending HFT monitor mode granted HFT monitor mode retracted HFT sound sequence has completed HOME not set Hangup I have no name! I/O ready Illegal instruction Information request Interrupt Killed License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
Modify or display completion options.
Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,
the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print
the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.
Options:
-o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME
-D Change options for the "default" command completion
-E Change options for the "empty" command completion
Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option.
Arguments:
Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must
have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs
are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating
completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion
generator are modified.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not
have a completion specification defined. Move job to the foreground.
Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the
current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the
current job is used.
Exit Status:
Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs. Move jobs to the background.
Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they
had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion
of the current job is used.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs. Null command.
No effect; the command does nothing.
Exit Status:
Always succeeds. OLDPWD not set Parse option arguments.
Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters
as options.
OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter
is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,
which should be separated from it by white space.
Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the
shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and
the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell
variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or
a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,
getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.
getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character
of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In
this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is
seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a
required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and
sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in
silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into
NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?'
is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is
printed.
If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the
printing of error messages, even if the first character of
OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default.
Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if
more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.
Exit Status:
Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is
encountered or an error occurs. Quit Read lines from a file into an array variable.
A synonym for `mapfile'. Record lock Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes
the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.
Options:
-n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.
Arguments:
+N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'
removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second.
-N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list
shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'
removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.
The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.
Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time,
and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.
Options:
-p print the timing summary in the portable Posix format
The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format.
Exit Status:
The return status is the return status of PIPELINE. Resume for, while, or until loops.
Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop.
If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop.
Exit Status:
The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1. Resume job in foreground.
Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a
stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name
or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in
the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an
argument to `bg'.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the resumed job. Return a successful result.
Exit Status:
Always succeeds. Return an unsuccessful result.
Exit Status:
Always fails. Return from a shell function.
Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value
specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the
last command executed within the function or script.
Exit Status:
Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script. Return the context of the current subroutine call.
Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename". With EXPR, returns
"$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information can be used to
provide a stack trace.
The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the
current one; the top frame is frame 0.
Exit Status:
Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR
is invalid. Returns the context of the current subroutine call.
Without EXPR, returns Running Segmentation fault Select words from a list and execute commands.
The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The
set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each
preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in "$@"'
is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read
from the standard input. If the line consists of the number
corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set
to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are
redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other
value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved
in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection
until a break command is executed.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last command executed. Set and unset shell options.
Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option
arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each
is set.
Options:
-o restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o'
-p print each shell option with an indication of its status
-q suppress output
-s enable (set) each OPTNAME
-u disable (unset) each OPTNAME
Exit Status:
Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is
given or OPTNAME is disabled. Set export attribute for shell variables.
Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently
executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.
Options:
-f refer to shell functions
-n remove the export property from each NAME
-p display a list of all exported variables and functions
An argument of `--' disables further option processing.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid. Shell commands matching keyword ` Shell commands matching keywords ` Shell options:
Shift positional parameters.
Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is
not given, it is assumed to be 1.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#. Signal %d Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stopped(%s) Suspend shell execution.
Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.
Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.
Options:
-f force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell
Exit Status:
Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs. TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character Terminated The mail in %s has been read
There are running jobs.
There are stopped jobs.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it. Trap signals and other events.
Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals
or other conditions.
ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the
signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC
is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original
value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the
shell and by the commands it invokes.
If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If
a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If
a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a
script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC
of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the
shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.
If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated
with each signal.
Options:
-l print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers
-p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC
Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal number.
Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A
signal may be sent to the shell with "kill -signal $$".
Exit Status:
Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given. Type `%s -c "help set"' for more information about shell options.
Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.
Unknown Signal # Unknown Signal #%d Unknown error Unknown status Urgent IO condition Usage: %s [GNU long option] [option] ...
%s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ...
Use "%s" to leave the shell.
Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.
User signal 1 User signal 2 Wait for job completion and return exit status.
Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a
job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not
given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return
status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes
in that job's pipeline.
If the -n option is supplied, waits for the next job to terminate and
returns its exit status.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid
option is given. Wait for process completion and return exit status.
Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination status.
If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes,
and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID.
Exit Status:
Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an invalid
option is given. Window changed Write arguments to the standard output.
Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.
Options:
-n do not append a newline
Exit Status:
Returns success unless a write error occurs. You have mail in $_ You have new mail in $_ [ arg... ] [[ expression ]] `%c': bad command `%c': invalid format character `%c': invalid symbolic mode character `%c': invalid symbolic mode operator `%c': invalid time format specification `%s': cannot unbind `%s': invalid alias name `%s': invalid keymap name `%s': is a special builtin `%s': missing format character `%s': not a pid or valid job spec `%s': not a valid identifier `%s': unknown function name `)' expected `)' expected, found %s `:' expected for conditional expression add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] all_local_variables: no function context at current scope argument argument expected array variable support required attempted assignment to non-variable bad array subscript bad command type bad connector bad jump bad substitution: no closing "`" in %s bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command bg [job_spec ...] bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command] brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %s brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %d elements brace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s' break [n] bug: bad expassign token builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] caller [expr] can only `return' from a function or sourced script can only be used in a function cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d cannot create temp file for here-document: %s cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d cannot find %s in shared object %s: %s cannot make child for command substitution cannot make child for process substitution cannot make pipe for command substitution cannot make pipe for process substitution cannot open named pipe %s for reading cannot open named pipe %s for writing cannot open shared object %s: %s cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously cannot set terminal process group (%d) cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable cannot suspend cannot suspend a login shell cannot use `-f' to make functions cannot use more than one of -anrw case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] child setpgid (%ld to %ld) command [-pVv] command [arg ...] command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1 complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...] completion: function `%s' not found compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...] conditional binary operator expected continue [n] coproc [NAME] command [redirections] could not find /tmp, please create! cprintf: `%c': invalid format character current declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...] deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld describe_pid: %ld: no such pid directory stack empty directory stack index dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] division by 0 dynamic loading not available echo [-n] [arg ...] echo [-neE] [arg ...] empty array variable name enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...] error getting terminal attributes: %s error importing function definition for `%s' error setting terminal attributes: %s eval [arg ...] exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...] exit [n] expected `)' exponent less than 0 export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p expression expected expression recursion level exceeded fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command] fg [job_spec] file descriptor out of range filename argument required for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done forked pid %d appears in running job %d format parsing problem: %s free: called with already freed block argument free: called with unallocated block argument free: start and end chunk sizes differ free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; } future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution getcwd: cannot access parent directories getopts optstring name [arg] hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...] hashing disabled help [-dms] [pattern ...] here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s') history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...] history position history specification hits command
identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed initialize_job_control: line discipline initialize_job_control: setpgid invalid arithmetic base invalid base invalid character %d in exportstr for %s invalid hex number invalid number invalid octal number invalid signal number job %d started without job control job_spec [&] jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args] kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec] last command: %s
let arg [arg ...] limit line %d: line editing not enabled local [option] name[=value] ... logout
logout [n] loop count make_here_document: bad instruction type %d make_local_variable: no function context at current scope make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range malloc: block on free list clobbered malloc: failed assertion: %s
migrate process to another CPU missing `)' missing `]' missing hex digit for \x missing unicode digit for \%c network operations not supported no `=' in exportstr for %s no closing `%c' in %s no command found no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'. no job control no job control in this shell no match: %s no other directory no other options allowed with `-x' not currently executing completion function not login shell: use `exit' octal number only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop pipe error pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context pop_var_context: no global_variables context popd [-n] [+N | -N] power failure imminent print_command: bad connector `%d' printf [-v var] format [arguments] progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC programming error pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir] pwd [-LP] read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...] read error: %d: %s readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array] readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p realloc: called with unallocated block argument realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range recursion stack underflow redirection error: cannot duplicate fd register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?
register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?
register_free: %p already in table as free?
restricted return [n] run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...] setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s) setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s) setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1 shift [n] shift count shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...] sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation source filename [arguments] start_pipeline: pgrp pipe suspend [-f] syntax error syntax error in conditional expression syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s' syntax error in expression syntax error near `%s' syntax error near unexpected token `%s' syntax error: `((%s))' syntax error: `;' unexpected syntax error: arithmetic expression required syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator syntax error: operand expected syntax error: unexpected end of file system crash imminent test [expr] time [-p] pipeline too many arguments trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...] trap_handler: bad signal %d type [-afptP] name [name ...] umask [-p] [-S] [mode] unalias [-a] name [name ...] unexpected EOF while looking for `]]' unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c' unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)' unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator unexpected argument to conditional binary operator unexpected argument to conditional unary operator unexpected token %d in conditional command unexpected token `%c' in conditional command unexpected token `%s' in conditional command unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected unexpected token `%s', expected `)' unknown unknown command error unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...] until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done value too great for base variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables wait [-n] [id ...] wait [pid ...] wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell wait_for: No record of process %ld wait_for_job: job %d is stopped waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block warning: warning: %s: %s warning: -C option may not work as you expect warning: -F option may not work as you expect while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done write error: %s xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d) xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor xtrace_set: NULL file pointer { COMMANDS ; } Project-Id-Version: bash 4.3-rc2
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To:
POT-Creation-Date: 2016-09-10 12:42-0400
PO-Revision-Date: 2015-08-27 13:36+0800
Last-Translator: Wei-Lun Chao
Language-Team: Chinese (traditional)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Language: zh_TW
Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;
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-irsD 或 -c <命令> 或 -O (僅é©åˆå‘¼å«)
malloc: %s:%d: 主張已修補
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%s 是一個函數
%s 是 shell 內建
%s 是 shell é—œéµå—
%s 是「%sã€çš„別å
%s 已進行雜湊æ“作(%s)
%s 未與任何éµç¹«çµã€‚
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%s: 檔案太大 %s: 檔案未找到 %s: 第一個éžç©ºå—å…ƒä¸æ˜¯ã€Œ"〠%s: 雜湊表為空
%s: æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„擴充套件失敗 %s：ä¸æ˜Žçš„主機 %s: éžæ³•é¸é … -- %c
%s: inlib 失敗 %s: 需è¦æ•´æ•¸è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ %s：無效的功能å稱 %s: 無效引數 %s: 無效的陣列原點 %s: 無效的關è¯é™£åˆ—éµå€¼ %s: ç„¡æ•ˆçš„å›žå‘¼å®šé‡ %s: 無效的檔案æ述符è¦æ ¼ %s: 無效的 limit 引數 %s: 無效的列數 %s：無效é¸é … %s：無效é¸é …å稱 %s：無效æœå‹™ %s: 無效的 shell é¸é …å稱 %s：無效的信號è¦æ ¼ %s: 無效的逾時è¦æ ¼ %s: 無效的引用變數å %s: 是一個目錄 %s: 工作 %d 已在背景執行 %s: å·¥ä½œå·²ç¶“çµ‚æ¢ %s: 第 %d 列： %s: 超出最大函數巢狀層數 (%d) %s: 缺少冒號分隔符 %s: ä¸å…許å稱引用變數引用自身 %s：沒有完æˆçš„è¦æ ¼ %s：沒有工作控制 %s：沒有æ¤é¡žå·¥ä½œ %s: ä¸æ˜¯å‡½æ•¸ %s: ä¸æ˜¯å¸¸è¦æª”案 %s：ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹å…§å»º shell %s: ä¸æ˜¯é™£åˆ—變數 %s: ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ç´¢å¼•é™£åˆ— %s: 未以動態方å¼è¼‰å…¥ %s：沒有找到 %s：需è¦æ•¸å—引數 %s：é¸é …需è¦ä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸ %s: é¸é …需è¦ä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸ -- %c
%s: åƒæ•¸ç‚ºç©ºæˆ–未è¨å®š %s：唯讀函數 %s：唯讀的變數 %s: 引用變數ä¸èƒ½ç‚ºé™£åˆ— %s：å—é™çš„ %s: å—é™çš„: 無法é‡å®šå‘輸出 %s: å—é™çš„: 無法在命令å稱ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ã€Œ/〠%s: åä¸²è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ < 0 %s: 需è¦ä¸€å…ƒè¡¨ç¤ºå¼ %s: 未繫çµçš„變數 %s: 用法： %s: 變數ä¸å¯æŒ‡æ´¾å€¼ (( è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ )) (æ ¸å¿ƒå·²å‚¾å°) (當å‰å·¥ä½œç›®éŒ„：%s)
。檔å [引數] 沒有網路時ä¸æ”¯æ´ /dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port /tmp å¿…é ˆç‚ºæœ‰æ•ˆçš„ç›®éŒ„å稱 <無當å‰ç›®éŒ„> 放棄指令 ä¸æ¢â€¦ åœ¨ç›®éŒ„å †ç–Šé ‚éƒ¨åŠ å…¥ä¸€å€‹ç›®éŒ„ï¼Œæˆ–è€…è«–è©¢
ç›®éŒ„å †ç–Šï¼Œæ˜¯ç•¶å‰å·¥ä½œç›®éŒ„æˆç‚ºæ–°çš„å †ç–Šé ‚ç«¯
ä¸å¸¶å¼•æ•¸æ™‚，交æ›å †ç–Šé ‚端的兩個目錄。
é¸é …：
-n æŠ‘åˆ¶å¢žåŠ å †ç–Šä¸ç›®éŒ„時通常變更目錄的æ“作，
從而åªæœ‰å †ç–Šè¢«æ“作。
引數：
+N è¼ªè½‰å †ç–Šä½¿å¾—ç¬¬ N 個目錄(「dirsã€çš„
輸出列表ä¸å·¦èµ·ï¼Œå¾ž 0 開始)
å‡è‡³å †ç–Šé ‚端。
-N è¼ªè½‰å †ç–Šä½¿å¾—ç¬¬ N 個目錄(「dirsã€çš„
輸出列表ä¸å³èµ·ï¼Œå¾ž 0 開始)
å‡è‡³å †ç–Šé ‚端
dir æ–°å¢žç›®éŒ„è‡³å †ç–Šé ‚ç«¯ï¼Œä¸¦
使其æˆç‚ºæ–°çš„當å‰å·¥ä½œç›®éŒ„。
「dirsã€å…§å»ºå‘½ä»¤é¡¯ç¤ºç›®éŒ„å †ç–Šã€‚ è¦å ±(å´å¯«) è¦å ±(虛擬) é¬§é˜ ç®—è¡“ for 迴圈。
ç‰åƒ¹æ–¼
(( EXP1 ))
while (( EXP2 )); do
COMMANDS
(( EXP3 ))
done
EXP1ã€EXP2 å’Œ EXP3 都是算術表示å¼ã€‚如果çœç•¥ä»»ä½•è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ï¼Œ
則ç‰åŒæ–¼ä½¿ç”¨äº†æ±‚值為 1 的表示å¼ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳最後執行命令的狀態。 斷點追蹤/陷阱 éŒ¯èª¤çš„ç³»çµ±å‘¼å« å½è¨Šè™Ÿ 管é“ä¸æ–· 匯æµæŽ’錯誤 CPU é™åˆ¶ å行程已æ»æˆ–者åœæ¢ 常用 shell 變數å稱和使用。
BASH_VERSION ç•¶å‰ Bash 的版本資訊。
CDPATH 用於「cdã€å‘½ä»¤å¼•æ•¸æœå°‹åˆ†è™Ÿåˆ†éš”的目錄列表
GLOBIGNORE 路徑擴充套件時忽略的檔å匹é…模å¼åˆ—表，
以分號分隔。
HISTFILE 您的命令æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„å˜æ”¾çš„檔案å稱。
HISTFILESIZE æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„檔案最多å¯ä»¥å„²å˜çš„列數。
HISTSIZE 一個執行的 shell 最多å¯ä»¥è¨ªå•çš„æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„命令列數。
HOME 您登入目錄的完整路徑。
HOSTNAME 當å‰ä¸»æ©Ÿçš„主機å。
HOSTTYPE 當å‰ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ BASH 在其之上執行的 CPU 類型。
IGNOREEOF 控制 shell 收到檔案çµæŸç¬¦åšç‚ºå–®ä¸€è¼¸å…¥å¾Œçš„
動作。如果è¨å®šé€™å€‹è®Šæ•¸ï¼Œå‰‡å®ƒçš„值是 shell 退出之å‰åœ¨
一個空列上å¯ä»¥é€£çºŒçœ‹åˆ°çš„檔案çµæŸç¬¦æ•¸é‡(é è¨ç‚º 10)。
未è¨å®šæ™‚，檔案çµæŸç¬¦æ¨™èªŒè‘—輸入的çµæŸã€‚
MACHTYPE æ述當å‰åŸ·è¡Œ Bash 的系統å—串。
MAILCHECK Bash æª¢æ¸¬æ–°éƒµä»¶çš„é »çŽ‡ï¼Œä»¥ç§’ç‚ºå–®ä½ã€‚
MAILPATH Bash 從ä¸æª¢æ¸¬æ–°éƒµä»¶çš„檔案列表，以分號分隔。
OSTYPE 執行 Bash 的 Unix 版本。
PATH 當尋找命令時æœå°‹çš„目錄列表，以冒號分隔。
PROMPT_COMMAND å°å‡ºæ¯ä¸€å€‹ä¸»æ示符之å‰åŸ·è¡Œçš„命
令。
PS1 主æ示符å—串。
PS2 從æ示符å—串。
PWD 當å‰ç›®éŒ„的完整路徑。
SHELLOPTS 已啟用的 shell é¸é …列表，以冒號分隔。
TERM 當å‰çµ‚端類型的å稱。
TIMEFORMAT 以關éµå‰‡ã€Œtimeã€é¡¯ç¤ºçš„時間統計資訊的輸出
æ ¼å¼ã€‚
auto_resume éžç©ºæ™‚，一個單ç¨çš„命令詞會首先被在當å‰
åœæ¢çš„工作列表ä¸æœç´¢ã€‚如果找到則該工作被置於å‰è‡ºã€‚
如果值為「exactã€å‰‡æ„å‘³è‘—å‘½ä»¤è©žå¿…é ˆç²¾ç¢ºåŒ¹é…åœæ¢å·¥ä½œ
列表ä¸çš„命令。如果值為「substringã€å‰‡æ„味著命令詞必
é ˆåŒ¹é…工作的一個åå—串。任何其他的值æ„味著命令詞
å¿…é ˆæ˜¯åœæ¢å·¥ä½œçš„一個å—首。
histchars 控制æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„展開和快速替æ›çš„å—元。第一個å—元是
æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„替æ›å—元，通常是「!ã€ã€‚第二個å—元是快速替æ›å—元，
通常是「^ã€ã€‚第三個是æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„註釋å—元，通常是「#ã€ã€‚
HISTIGNORE 用於決定哪些命令被å˜å…¥æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„檔案的模å¼
列表，以冒號分隔。
繼續 定義本地變數。
建立一個以 NAME 為å稱的變數，並且將 VALUE 指派給它。
OPTION é¸é …å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä»»ä½•èƒ½è¢«ã€Œdeclareã€æŽ¥å—çš„é¸é …。
本地變數åªèƒ½åœ¨å‡½æ•¸å…§éƒ¨è¢«ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œå®ƒå€‘åªèƒ½åœ¨å®šç¾©å®ƒå€‘的函數內
部以åŠå函數ä¸å¯è¦‹ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …ã€ç™¼ç”Ÿäº†æŒ‡æ´¾éŒ¯èª¤æˆ–者 shell ä¸åœ¨åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹å‡½æ•¸ã€‚ 定義 shell 函數。
建立一個以 NAME 為åçš„ shell 函數。當åšç‚ºä¸€å€‹ç°¡å–®çš„命令啟用時，
NAME å‡½æ•¸åŸ·è¡Œå‘¼å« shell 語境ä¸çš„ COMMANDs 命令。當 NAME
被啟用時，引數åšç‚º $1…$n 被傳éžçµ¦å‡½æ•¸ï¼Œå‡½æ•¸çš„åå—儲å˜åœ¨è®Šæ•¸
$FUNCNAME ä¸ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸé™¤éž NAME 為唯讀。 從æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„列表ä¸é¡¯ç¤ºæˆ–者執行命令。
fc 被用於從æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„列表ä¸åˆ—出或者é‡æ–°ç·¨è¼¯ä¸¦åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚
FIRST å’Œ LAST 變數å¯ä»¥æ˜¯æ•¸å—用於指定範åœï¼Œæˆ–者 FIRST å¯ä»¥æ˜¯
å—串，æ„味著以這個å—串開é 的最近一個命令。
é¸é …：
-e ENAME é¸æ“‡ä½¿ç”¨å“ªå€‹ç·¨è¼¯å™¨ã€‚é è¨çš„是 FCEDIT，然後是 EDITOR，
然後是 vi
-l 列出列而ä¸ç·¨è¼¯
-n 列舉時çœç•¥åˆ—號
-r åè½‰åˆ—çš„é †åº(最新列在å‰)
用「fc -s [模å¼=æ›¿æ› â€¦] [命令]ã€çš„æ ¼å¼ï¼ŒCOMMAND 命令會在 OLD=NEW
替æ›ä¹‹å¾Œè¢«é‡æ–°åŸ·è¡Œã€‚
r=「fc -sã€æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹æœ‰ç”¨çš„別å，這樣的話輸入「r ccã€æœƒåŸ·è¡Œæœ€å¾Œä¸€å€‹ä»¥ã€Œccã€
é–‹é 的命令，輸入「rã€æœƒé‡æ–°åŸ·è¡Œæœ€å¾Œä¸€å€‹å‘½ä»¤ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œæˆ–者執行命令的狀態；如果錯誤發生則回傳éžé›¶ã€‚ 顯示或è¨å®šæª”案模å¼é®ç½©ã€‚
è¨å®šä½¿ç”¨è€…檔案建立é®ç½©ç‚º MODE 模å¼ã€‚如果çœç•¥äº† MODE，則
å°å‡ºç•¶å‰é®ç½©çš„值。
如果 MODE 模å¼ä»¥æ•¸å—é–‹é ，則被當åšå…«é€²ä½æ•¸å—解æžï¼›å¦å‰‡æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹
chmod(1) å¯æŽ¥æ”¶çš„符號模å¼ä¸²ã€‚
é¸é …：
-p 如果çœç•¥ MDOE 模å¼ï¼Œä»¥å¯é‡ç”¨ç‚ºè¼¸å…¥çš„æ ¼å¼è¼¸å…¥
-S 以符號形å¼è¼¸å‡ºï¼Œå¦å‰‡ä»¥å…«é€²ä½æ•¸å—æ ¼å¼è¼¸å‡º
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„ MODE 模å¼æˆ–者é¸é …。 ä¾æ“šé¸é …顯示å¯èƒ½çš„補完。
æ„圖在能產生å¯èƒ½çš„補完 shell 函數內部使用。
如果æ供了å¯é¸çš„ WORD 引數，則產生按照 WORD
進行的匹é…。
退出狀態：
除éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆé¸é …或者錯誤發生，å¦å‰‡å›žå‚³æˆåŠŸã€‚ 顯示行程時間
å°å‡º shell åŠå…¶æ‰€æœ‰å行程的累計使用者空間和
系統空間執行時間。
退出狀態：
一律æˆåŠŸã€‚ 顯示當å‰è¨˜ä½çš„目錄列表。 目錄
藉由「pushdã€å‘½ä»¤åŠ 入這個列表；您å¯ä»¥
使用「popdã€å‘½ä»¤å°åˆ—表進行éæ·ã€‚
é¸é …:
-c åˆªé™¤æ‰€æœ‰å…ƒç´ ä»¥æ¸…é™¤ç›®éŒ„å †ç–Š
-l ä¸å°å‡ºèˆ‡å®¶ç›®éŒ„相關的以波浪號
為å—首的目錄
-p æ¯åˆ—一個æ¢ç›®å°å‡ºç›®éŒ„å †ç–Š
-v ä»¥å †ç–Šä½ç½®ç‚ºå—首，æ¯åˆ—一個æ¢ç›®
å°å‡ºç›®éŒ„å †ç–Š
引數:
+N 以 dirs ä¸å¸¶é¸é …è¼¸å‡ºçš„é †åºï¼Œå¾žå·¦èµ·ç¬¬ N 個æ¢ç›®é¡¯ç¤ºåˆ—表，
從 0 開始。
-N 以 dirs ä¸å¸¶é¸é …è¼¸å‡ºçš„é †åºï¼Œå¾žå³èµ·ç¬¬ N å€‹é …ç›®é¡¯ç¤ºåˆ—è¡¨ï¼Œ
從 0 開始。 å·²å®Œæˆ å·²å®Œæˆ(%d) 模擬器陷阱指令 啟用和åœç”¨ shell 內建。
啟用和åœç”¨ shell 的內建命令。åœç”¨ä½¿æ‚¨èƒ½å¤ 執行一個和內建
命令åŒåç£ç¢Ÿä¸Šçš„å‘½ä»¤ï¼Œè€Œç„¡é ˆä½¿ç”¨å®Œæ•´çš„è·¯å¾‘å。
é¸é …：
-a å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹å…§å»ºçš„列表，並顯示其ä¸æ¯ä¸€å€‹æ˜¯å¦å•Ÿç”¨
-n åœç”¨æ¯ä¸€å€‹ NAME 內建或者顯示一個被åœç”¨çš„內建列表
-p 以å¯é‡ç”¨çš„æ ¼å¼å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹å…§å»ºçš„列表
-s 僅å°å‡º Posix「special〠內建的å稱
控制動態載入的é¸é …：
-f 從共享物件 FILENAME 檔案ä¸è¼‰å…¥ NAME 內建
-d 刪除以 -f é¸é …載入的內建
ä¸å¸¶é¸é …時，æ¯ä¸€å€‹ NAME 內建都被啟用。
如果è¦ä½¿ç”¨ $PATH ä¸æ‰¾åˆ°çš„「testã€è€Œä¸æ˜¯ shell 內建的版本，
輸入「enable -n testã€ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž NAME ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ shell 內建或者有錯誤發生。 求值算術表示å¼ã€‚
表示å¼æŒ‰ç…§ç®—術法則進行求值。
ç‰åƒ¹æ–¼ã€Œlet 表示å¼ã€ã€‚
退出狀態：
如果表示å¼æ±‚值為 0 則回傳 1ï¼›å¦å‰‡å›žå‚³ 0。 求值算術表示å¼ã€‚
å°‡æ¯å€‹ ARG åƒè³½åšç‚ºç®—術表示å¼ä¾†æ±‚值。求值的計算以定寬的整
數完æˆï¼Œä¸å¸¶æº¢ä½æª¢æ¸¬ï¼Œä¸éŽé™¤ 0 æ˜¯è¢«ç½®é™·é˜±çš„ä¸¦ä¸”æœƒå ±ä¸€å€‹éŒ¯
誤。下列é‹ç®—å被按照相åŒçš„ç®—è¡“å„ªå…ˆé †åºçµ„åˆã€‚åˆ—è¡¨çš„é †åºæŒ‰ç…§
å„ªå…ˆé †åºå¾žé«˜è‡³ä½Žã€‚
id++, id-- è®Šæ•¸å¾Œç½®åŠ ï¼Œå¾Œç½®æ¸›
++id, --id 變數å‰ç½®åŠ ，å‰ç½®æ¸›
-, + ä¸€å…ƒæ¸›æ³•ï¼Œä¸€å…ƒåŠ æ³•
!, ~ é‚輯和ä½å–å
** 指數
*, /, % 乘法，除法，å–餘數
+, - å¢žåŠ ï¼Œæ¸›å°‘
<<, >> å‘左和å‘å³æŒ‰ä½ç§»ä½
<=, >=, <, > 比較
==, != ç‰æ–¼ï¼Œä¸ç‰æ–¼
& 按ä½èˆ‡
^ 按ä½ç•°æˆ–
| 按ä½æˆ–
&& é‚輯與
|| é‚輯或
expr ? expr : expr
æ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å
=, *=, /=, %=,
+=, -=, <<=, >>=,
&=, ^=, |= 指派
Shell 變數å…許åšç‚ºé‹ç®—元。表示å¼ä¸çš„變數å稱會以值å–代
(強制轉æ›ç‚ºå®šå¯¬çš„整數)。表示å¼ä¸çš„變數ä¸éœ€è¦é–‹å•Ÿæ•´æ•¸å±¬æ€§ã€‚
é‹ç®—åæŒ‰ç…§å„ªå…ˆé †åºé€²è¡Œæ±‚值。括號ä¸çš„å表示å¼å°‡è¢«å…ˆæ±‚值，並å¯å–代上述表示å¼è¦å‰‡ã€‚
退出狀態：
如果最後一個 ARG 引數求值為 0，則 let 回傳 1ï¼› å¦å‰‡ let 回傳 0。 求值æ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ã€‚
是內建命令「testã€çš„åŒç¾©è©žï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æœ€å¾Œä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸å¿…é ˆæ˜¯
å—元「]ã€ï¼Œä»¥åŒ¹é…起始的「[ã€ã€‚ 將引數åšç‚º shell 命令執行。
å°‡ ARGs åˆæˆä¸€å€‹å—串，用çµæžœåšç‚º shell 的輸入，
並且執行得到的命令。
退出狀態：
以命令的狀態退出，或者在命令為空的情æ³ä¸‹å›žå‚³æˆåŠŸã€‚ 當測試ä¸åŒéŽæ™‚執行命令。
「untilã€COMMANDS 命令的最終命令回傳狀態ä¸ç‚º 0 時，
展開並執行 COMMANDS 命令。
退出狀態：
回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。 åªè¦æ¸¬è©¦æˆåŠŸå³åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚
åªè¦åœ¨ã€Œwhileã€COMMANDS ä¸çš„最終命令回傳çµæžœç‚º 0，則
展開並執行 COMMANDS 命令。
退出狀態：
回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。 æ ¹æ“šæ¢ä»¶åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚
「if COMMANDSã€åˆ—表被執行。如果退出狀態為零，則執行「then COMMANDSã€
列表。å¦å‰‡æŒ‰é †åºåŸ·è¡Œæ¯å€‹ã€Œelif COMMANDSã€åˆ—表，並且如果它的退出狀態為
零，則執行å°æ‡‰çš„「then COMMANDSã€åˆ—表並且 if 命令終æ¢ã€‚å¦å‰‡å¦‚æžœå˜åœ¨çš„
情æ³ä¸‹ï¼ŒåŸ·è¡Œã€Œelse COMMANDSã€åˆ—表。整個çµæ§‹çš„退出狀態是最後一個執行
命令的狀態，或者如果沒有æ¢ä»¶æ¸¬è©¦ç‚ºçœŸçš„話，則為零。
退出狀態：
回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。 基於模å¼åŒ¹é…來執行命令。
基於 PATTERN 模å¼åŒ¹é…çš„å—è©ž WORD，有é¸æ“‡çš„執行 COMMANDS 命令。
「|ã€ç”¨æ–¼åˆ†éš”多個模å¼ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。 為列表ä¸çš„æ¯å€‹æˆå“¡åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚
「forã€è¿´åœˆç‚ºåˆ—表ä¸çš„æ¯å€‹æˆå“¡åŸ·è¡Œä¸€ç³»åˆ—的命令。如果沒有
「in WORDS ...;ã€å‰‡å‡å®šä½¿ç”¨ã€Œin "$@"ã€ã€‚å°æ–¼ WORDS ä¸çš„æ¯
å€‹å…ƒç´ ï¼ŒNAME 被è¨å®šç‚ºè©²å…ƒç´ ，並且執行 COMMANDS 命令。
退出狀態：
回傳最後執行命令的狀態。 åœ¨ç•¶å‰ shell ä¸åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹æª”案ä¸çš„命令。
åœ¨ç•¶å‰ shell ä¸è®€å–並執行 FILENAME 檔案ä¸çš„命令。$PATH 變數ä¸çš„
æ¢ç›®è¢«ç”¨æ–¼å°‹æ‰¾åŒ…å« FILENAME 檔案的目錄。如果æ供了任何的 ARGUMENTS
引數，則它們將æˆç‚º FILENAME 檔案執行時的ä½ç½®åƒæ•¸ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳 FILENAME 檔案ä¸æœ€å¾Œä¸€å€‹å‘½ä»¤çš„狀態；如果 FILENAME 檔案ä¸å¯è®€å‰‡å¤±æ•—。 執行æ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ã€‚
æ ¹æ“šæ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ EXPRESSION 的求值回傳狀態 0 或 1。表示å¼æŒ‰ç…§
「testã€å…§å»ºçš„相åŒæ¢ä»¶çµ„æˆï¼Œæˆ–者å¯ä»¥æœ‰ä¸‹åˆ—é‹ç®—å連接而æˆï¼š
( EXPRESSION ) 回傳 EXPRESSION 表示å¼çš„值
! EXPRESSION 如果 EXPRESSION 表示å¼ç‚ºå‡å‰‡ç‚ºçœŸï¼Œå¦å‰‡ç‚ºå‡
EXPR1 && EXPR2 如果 EXPR1 å’Œ EXPR2 表示å¼å‡ç‚ºçœŸå‰‡ç‚ºçœŸï¼Œå¦å‰‡ç‚ºå‡
EXPR1 || EXPR2 如果 EXPR1 å’Œ EXPR2 表示å¼ä¸æœ‰ä¸€å€‹ç‚ºçœŸå‰‡ç‚ºçœŸï¼Œå¦å‰‡ç‚ºå‡
當使用「==ã€å’Œã€Œ!=ã€é‹ç®—å時，é‹ç®—åå³é‚Šçš„å—串被用作模å¼ä¸¦ä¸”執行一個
匹é…。當使用「=~ã€é‹ç®—å時，é‹ç®—åå³é‚Šçš„å—串被當åšæ£å‰‡è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ä¾†é€²è¡Œ
匹é…。
é‹ç®—å && å’Œ || å°‡ä¸å° EXPR2 表示å¼é€²è¡Œæ±‚值，如果 EXPR1 表示å¼è¶³å¤ 確定
整個表示å¼çš„值。
退出狀態：
æ ¹æ“š EXPRESSION 的值為 0 或 1。 執行 shell 內建。
帶引數 ARGs 執行 SHELL-BUILTIN 內建，並且ä¸åšå‘½ä»¤æŸ¥è©¢
在希望以 shell 函數的形å¼ä¾†é‡æ–°å¯¦ç¾ shell 內建，
並且希望在函數之內執行該 shell 內建的情æ³ä¸‹æœ‰ç”¨è™•ã€‚
退出狀態：
以 SHELL-BUILTIN 內建的退出狀態為準，或者如果 SHELL-BUILTIN ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ shell 內建時
為å‡ã€‚。 退出 %d 退出一個登入 shell。
以狀態 N 退出一個登入 shell。如果ä¸åœ¨ç™»å…¥ shell ä¸åŸ·è¡Œï¼Œå‰‡
回傳一個錯誤。 退出 forã€while 或 until 迴圈
退出一個 FORã€WHILE 或 UNTIL 迴圈。如果指定了 N，則跳出 N é‡
迴圈
退出狀態：
退出狀態為 0 é™¤éž N ä¸å¤§æ–¼æˆ–ç‰æ–¼ 1。 退出 shell。
以狀態 N 退出 shell。 如果 N 被çœç•¥ï¼Œå‰‡é€€å‡ºç‹€æ…‹
為最後一個執行命令的退出狀態。 檔案é™åˆ¶ 浮點數異常 GNU bash，版本 %s (%s)
GNU bash，版本 %s-(%s)
GNU é•·é¸é …：
將命令組åˆç‚ºä¸€å€‹å–®å…ƒã€‚
執行群組ä¸çš„命令集åˆã€‚這是å°æ•´å€‹å‘½ä»¤é›†åˆ
åšé‡å®šå‘的方法之一。
退出狀態：
回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。 HFT 待輸入資料 已授予 HFT ç›£è¦–æ¨¡å¼ å·²æ’¤éŠ· HFT ç›£è¦–æ¨¡å¼ å·²å®Œæˆ HFT è²éŸ³åºåˆ— HOME 沒有è¨ç½® çµæŸé€šè©± 我沒有åå—ï¼ I/O 就緒 éžæ³•çš„指令 資訊請求 ä¸æ–· å·²ç 除 許å¯è‰ GPLv3+: GNU GPL 許å¯è‰ç¬¬ä¸‰ç‰ˆæˆ–者更新版本
修改或顯示補完é¸é …。
修改æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱的補完é¸é …，或如果沒有æä¾› NAME å稱，執行當å‰çš„補完。
如果ä¸å¸¶é¸é …，å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹ NAME å稱的補完é¸é …或當å‰çš„補完è¦æ ¼ã€‚
é¸é …：
-o option 為æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱è¨å®šè£œå®Œé¸é … option
-D 為「defaultã€å‘½ä»¤è£œå®Œè®Šæ›´é¸é …
-E 為「emptyã€å‘½ä»¤è£œå®Œè®Šæ›´é¸é …
使用「+oã€è€Œä¸æ˜¯ã€Œ-oã€å¯ä»¥é—œé–‰æŒ‡å®šçš„é¸é …。
引數：
æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱都å°æ‡‰ä¸€å€‹ä¹‹å‰ä»¥è—‰ç”±ã€Œcompleteã€å…§å»ºå®šç¾©äº†è£œå®Œè¦æ ¼çš„
命令。如果ä¸æä¾› NAME å稱，當å‰ç”Ÿæˆè£œå®Œçš„å‡½æ•¸å¿…é ˆå‘¼å« compopt，
並且當å‰åŸ·è¡Œçš„補完生æˆå™¨é¸é …會被修改。
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …或者 NAME å稱沒有定義補完è¦æ ¼ã€‚ 將工作移至å‰è‡ºã€‚
將以 JOB_SPEC 標è˜çš„工作放至å‰è‡ºï¼Œä½¿å…¶æˆç‚º
當å‰å·¥ä½œã€‚如果 JOB_SPEC ä¸å˜åœ¨ï¼Œshell 觀念ä¸çš„當å‰å·¥ä½œ
將被使用。
退出狀態：
放至å‰è‡ºçš„命令狀態，或者當錯誤發生時為失敗。 移動工作至後臺。
å°‡ JOB_SPEC 標è˜çš„工作放至後臺，就åƒå®ƒå€‘
是帶「&ã€å•Ÿå‹•çš„一樣。如果 JOB_SPEC ä¸å˜åœ¨ï¼Œshell 觀念ä¸çš„
當å‰å·¥ä½œå°‡æœƒè¢«ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸé™¤éžå·¥ä½œç®¡ç†æ²’有啟用或者錯誤發生。 空的命令。
沒有效果； æ¤å‘½ä»¤ä¸åšä»»ä½•æ“作。
退出狀態：
一律æˆåŠŸã€‚ OLDPWD 沒有è¨ç½® 解æžé¸é …引數。
Getopts 被 shell éŽç¨‹ç”¨æ–¼è§£æžå¯å®šä½çš„åƒæ•¸åšç‚ºé¸é …。
OPTSTRING å—串包å«å¾…è˜åˆ¥çš„é¸é …å—æ¯ï¼›å¦‚果一個å—æ¯å¾Œé¢è·Ÿ
著分號，則該é¸é …需è¦ä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸ï¼Œè€Œè©²å¼•æ•¸æ‡‰ç”¨ç©ºæ ¼èˆ‡é¸é …分開。
æ¯æ¬¡å•Ÿå‹•æ™‚，getopts 會將下一個é¸é …放到 shell 變數 $name
ä¸ï¼Œå¦‚æžœ name 變數ä¸å˜åœ¨å‰‡å…ˆå°‡å…¶åˆå§‹åŒ–，而下一個待處
ç†çš„引數åºè™Ÿæ”¾å…¥ shell 變數 OPTIND ä¸ã€‚OPTIND 變數在æ¯
次 shell 或者 shell 指令稿啟動時都被åˆå§‹åŒ–為 1。當一個é¸é …è¦
求有一個引數時，getopts 將引數放入 shell 變數 OPTARG
ä¸ã€‚
getopts æœ‰å…©ç¨®é€šå ±éŒ¯èª¤çš„æ–¹æ³•ã€‚å¦‚æžœ OPTSTRING 變數的第
一個å—元是冒號，getopts ä½¿ç”¨æ²‰é»˜éŒ¯èª¤é€šå ±ã€‚åœ¨é€™ç¨®æ¨¡å¼
下，ä¸æœƒå°å‡ºéŒ¯èª¤è¨Šæ¯ã€‚如果看到了一個無效的é¸é …，
getopts 將找到的é¸é …å—元放至 OPTARG 變數ä¸ã€‚如果一個必
é ˆçš„é¸é …沒有找到，getopts 放一個「:ã€åˆ° NAME 變數ä¸ä¸¦ä¸”è¨
ç½® OPTARG 變數為找到的é¸é …å—元。如果 getopts ä¸åœ¨æ²‰é»˜æ¨¡
å¼ä¸ï¼Œä¸¦ä¸”é‡åˆ°äº†ä¸€å€‹ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …，getopts 放置一個「?ã€åˆ° NAME
變數ä¸ä¸¦ä¸”å–消è¨å®š OPTARG è®Šæ•¸ã€‚å¦‚æžœå¿…é ˆçš„é¸é …沒有找到，
一個「?ã€æœƒè¢«æ”¾å…¥ NAME 變數ä¸ï¼ŒOPTARG 將被å–消è¨å®šï¼Œä¸¦ä¸”會
å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹è¨ºæ–·è³‡è¨Šã€‚
如果 shell 變數 OPTERR 的值為 0，getopts åœç”¨
錯誤資訊的å°å‡ºï¼Œå³ä½¿ OPTSTRING 變數的第一個å—å…ƒä¸æ˜¯ä¸€
個冒號。OPTERR çš„é è¨å€¼ç‚º 1。
Getopts 通常解æžå¯å®šä½çš„引數($0 - $9)，ä¸éŽå¦‚æžœæ供了
更多的引數，它們å而會被解æžã€‚
退出狀態：
如果一個é¸é …被找到則回傳æˆåŠŸï¼›å¦‚æžœé‡åˆ°äº†é¸é …çš„çµå°¾æˆ–者
有錯誤發生則回傳失敗。 退出 從一個檔案ä¸è®€å–列到陣列變數ä¸
一個「mapfileã€çš„åŒç¾©è©žã€‚ 記錄鎖 å¾žç›®éŒ„å †ç–Šä¸åˆªé™¤æ¢ç›®ã€‚ä¸å¸¶å¼•æ•¸æ™‚，刪除
å †ç–Šé ‚ç«¯ç›®éŒ„ä¸¦è®Šæ›´è‡³æ–°çš„å †ç–Šé ‚ç«¯ç›®éŒ„ã€‚
é¸é …：
-n æŠ‘åˆ¶å¾žå †ç–Šä¸åˆªé™¤ç›®éŒ„時通常變更目錄æ“作，
從而åªæœ‰å †ç–Šè¢«æ“作。
引數：
+N 從「dirsã€è¼¸å‡ºçš„列表ä¸ï¼Œ
刪除左起第 N 個æ¢ç›®ï¼Œè¨ˆæ•¸å¾ž 0 開始。例如：「popd +0ã€
刪除第一個目錄，「popd +1ã€åˆªé™¤ç¬¬äºŒå€‹ã€‚
-N 從「dirsã€è¼¸å‡ºçš„列表ä¸ï¼Œ
刪除å³èµ·ç¬¬ N 個æ¢ç›®ï¼Œè¨ˆæ•¸å¾ž 0 開始，例如：「popd -0ã€
刪除最後一個æ¢ç›®ï¼Œã€Œpopd -1ã€åˆªé™¤å€’數第二個。
「dirsã€å…§å»ºè®Šæ•¸é¡¯ç¤ºç›®éŒ„å †ç–Šã€‚ é€šå ±ç®¡é“執行的消耗時間。
執行 PIPELINE 並且å°å‡º PIPELINE 終çµæ™‚實際時間ã€ä½¿ç”¨è€… CPU 時間和系統
CPU 時間的總çµã€‚
é¸é …：
-p 用å¯ç§»æ¤çš„ POSIX æ ¼å¼å°å‡ºç”¨æ™‚總çµã€‚
TIMEFORMAT 變數的值被åšç‚ºè¼¸å‡ºæ ¼å¼ã€‚
退出狀態：
å›žå‚³ç‹€æ…‹å³ PIPELINE 的回傳狀態。 繼續 forã€while 或 until 迴圈。
ç¹¼çºŒç•¶å‰ FORã€WHILE 或 UNTIL 迴圈的下一æ¥ã€‚
如果指定了 N， 則繼續當å‰çš„第 N é‡è¿´åœˆã€‚
退出狀態：
退出狀態為 0 é™¤éž N ä¸å¤§æ–¼æˆ–ç‰æ–¼ 1。 在å‰è‡ºç¹¼çºŒå·¥ä½œ
å°æ–¼ JOB_SPEC 引數來說和「fgã€å‘½ä»¤ç‰åŒã€‚繼續一個
åœæ¢çš„或者後臺工作。JOB_SPEC å¯ä»¥æŒ‡å®šä¸€å€‹å·¥ä½œ
åå—或工作號。在 JOB_SPEC å¾ŒåŠ ä¸Šä¸€å€‹ã€Œ&ã€å°‡æœƒæŠŠ
工作放至後臺，就åƒå·¥ä½œè¦æ ¼è¢«åšç‚ºã€Œbgã€å‘½ä»¤çš„引數
執行一樣。
退出狀態：
回傳被繼續的工作狀態。 回傳一個æˆåŠŸçµæžœã€‚
退出狀態：
一律æˆåŠŸã€‚ 回傳一個ä¸æˆåŠŸçš„çµæžœã€‚
退出狀態：
一律失敗。 從一個 shell 函數回傳。
使一個函數或者被引用的指令稿以指定的回傳值 N 退出。
如果 N 被çœç•¥ï¼Œå‰‡å›žå‚³ç‹€æ…‹å°±æ˜¯
函數或指令稿ä¸çš„最後一個執行命令的狀態。
退出狀態：
回傳 N，或者如果 shell ä¸åœ¨åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹å‡½æ•¸æˆ–引用指令稿時，失敗。 回傳當å‰å呼å«çš„語境。
ä¸å¸¶æœ‰ EXPR 時，回傳「$line $filenameã€ã€‚帶有 EXPR 時，回傳
「$line $subroutine $filenameã€ï¼›é€™å€‹é¡å¤–的資訊å¯ä»¥è¢«ç”¨æ–¼æä¾›
å †ç–Šè¿½è¹¤ã€‚
EXPR 的值顯示了到當å‰å‘¼å«æ¡†æ ¼éœ€è¦å›žåŽ»å¤šå°‘個呼å«æ¡†æ ¼ï¼›é ‚éƒ¨æ¡†æ ¼
是第 0 æ¡†æ ¼ã€‚
退出狀態：
é™¤éž shell ä¸åœ¨åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹ shell 函數或者 EXPR 無效，å¦å‰‡å›žå‚³çµ
果為 0。 回傳當å‰å例程呼å«çš„語境
ä¸å¸¶ EXPR 時，回傳 åŸ·è¡Œä¸ å€æ®µéŒ¯èª¤ 從列表ä¸é¸å–詞並且執行命令。
WORDS 變數被展開，生æˆä¸€å€‹å—詞的列表。展開的å—詞集åˆè¢«å°å‡º
在標準錯誤輸出è£ç½®ä¸Šï¼Œæ¯å€‹ä»¥ä¸€å€‹æ•¸å—åšå—首。如果沒有「in WORDSã€
則å‡å®šä½¿ç”¨ã€Œin "$@"ã€ã€‚PS3 æ示符會被顯示並且從標準輸入讀入一列
如果該列由被顯示å—è©žå°æ‡‰çš„數å—組æˆï¼Œå‰‡ NAME 變數被è¨å®šç‚ºç›¸æ‡‰
çš„å—詞。如果列為空，則 WORDS 變數和æ示符被é‡æ–°é¡¯ç¤ºã€‚如果讀å–了
檔案çµæŸç¬¦ï¼Œå‰‡å‘½ä»¤å®Œæˆã€‚讀入任何其他的值會導致 NAME 變數被è¨å®š
為空。讀入的列被å˜æ”¾åœ¨è®Šæ•¸ REPLY ä¸ã€‚COMMANDS 命令在æ¯æ¬¡é¸æ“‡
之後執行直到執行一個 break 命令。
退出狀態：
回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。 è¨å®šå’Œå–消è¨å®š shell é¸é …。
變更æ¯å€‹ shell é¸é … OPTNAME çš„è¨å®šã€‚ä¸å¸¶å¼•æ•¸
時，列出所有 shell é¸é …並標註æ¯ä¸€å€‹é¸é …是å¦è¢«
è¨å®šã€‚
é¸é …：
-o é™åˆ¶ OPTNAME 為定義用於「set -oã€çš„é¸é …
-p å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹ shell é¸é …並標註它的狀態。
-q 抑制輸出
-s 啟用(è¨å®š)æ¯å€‹ OPTNAME é¸é …
-u åœç”¨(å–消è¨å®š)æ¯å€‹ OPTNAME é¸é …
退出狀態：
如果 OPTNAME é¸é …被啟用則回傳æˆåŠŸï¼›å¦‚果是
無效的é¸é …或 OPTNAME 被åœç”¨å‰‡å¤±æ•—。 為 shell 變數è¨å®šåŒ¯å‡ºå±¬æ€§ã€‚
標記æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱為自動匯出到後續命令執行的環境。如果æ供了 VALUE
則匯出å‰å°‡ VALUE åšç‚ºæŒ‡æ´¾ã€‚
é¸é …：
-f 指 shell 函數
-n 刪除æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱的匯出屬性
-p 顯示所有匯出的變數和函數的列表
「--ã€çš„引數åœç”¨é€²ä¸€æ¥çš„é¸é …處ç†ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …或者 NAME å稱。 Shell 命令，匹é…é—œéµè©ž ` Shell é¸é …：
移ä½ä½ç½®åƒæ•¸ã€‚
é‡æ–°å‘½åä½ç½®å¼•æ•¸ $N+1ã€$N+2 … 到 $1ã€$2 … 如果沒有給定 N，
則å‡è¨ç‚º 1。
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž N ç‚ºè² æˆ–è€…å¤§æ–¼ $#。 訊號 %d å·²åœæ¢ å·²åœæ¢(訊號) å·²åœæ¢(tty 輸入) å·²åœæ¢(tty 輸出) å·²åœæ¢(%s) 懸置 shell 執行。
懸置 shell 的執行直到收到 SIGCONT 訊號。
登入 shell ä¸å¯ä»¥è¢«æ‡¸ç½®ï¼Œé™¤éžå¼·åˆ¶åŸ·è¡Œã€‚
é¸é …：
-f 強制懸置，å³ä½¿æ˜¯ç™»å…¥ shell。
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæ²’有啟用工作控制或者有錯誤發生。 æ™‚é–“æ ¼å¼:「%cã€: ç„¡æ•ˆçš„æ ¼å¼å—å…ƒ å·²çµ‚æ¢ éƒµä»¶åœ¨ %s 已閱讀
有執行ä¸çš„工作。
有åœæ¢çš„工作。
在法律許å¯çš„情æ³ä¸‹ç‰¹æ¤æ˜Žç¤ºï¼Œæœ¬è»Ÿé«”ä¸æ供任何擔ä¿ã€‚ 這些 shell 命令是內部定義的。請輸入「helpã€ä»¥ç²å–一個列表。
輸入「help å稱ã€ä»¥å¾—到有關函數「å稱ã€çš„更多資訊。
使用「info bashã€ä¾†ç²å¾—關於 shell 的更多一般性資訊。
使用「man -kã€æˆ–「infoã€ä¾†ç²å–ä¸åœ¨åˆ—表ä¸å‘½ä»¤çš„更多資訊。
å稱æ—邊的星號(*)表示該命令被åœç”¨ã€‚
本軟體是自由軟體，您å¯ä»¥è‡ªç”±åœ°æ›´æ”¹å’Œé‡æ–°ç™¼å¸ƒã€‚ å°è¨Šè™Ÿå’Œå…¶ä»–事件è¨é™·é˜±ã€‚
定義一個處ç†å™¨ï¼Œåœ¨ shell 接收到訊號和其他æ¢ä»¶ä¸‹åŸ·è¡Œã€‚
ARG 引數是當 shell 接收到 SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號時讀å–和執行的命令。
如果沒有指定 ARG 引數 (並且åªçµ¦å‡ºä¸€å€‹ SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號) 或者
ARG 引數為
「-ã€ï¼Œæ¯ä¸€å€‹æŒ‡å®šçš„引數會被é‡ç½®ç‚ºåŽŸå§‹å€¼ã€‚如果 ARG 引數是一個空串，則æ¯ä¸€å€‹
SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號會被 shell 和它啟動的命令忽略。
如果一個 SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號是 EXIT (0) ，則 ARG 命令會在 shell 退出時被
執行。如果一個 SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號是 DEBUG，則 ARG 命令會在æ¯ä¸€å€‹ç°¡å–®å‘½
令之å‰åŸ·è¡Œã€‚
如果ä¸æ供引數，trap å°å‡ºåˆ—表顯示æ¯ä¸€å€‹èˆ‡æ¯ä¸€å€‹è¨Šè™Ÿç›¸é—œè¯çš„命令。
é¸é …：
-l å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹è¨Šè™Ÿå稱和它們å°æ‡‰çš„編號列表
-p å°å‡ºèˆ‡æ¯å€‹ SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號相關è¯çš„陷阱命令
æ¯ä¸€å€‹ SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ ä¸çš„訊號å稱或者訊號編號。
訊號å稱大å°å¯«ç›¸ç¬¦ä¸”å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ SIG å—首。訊號å¯ç”¨ã€Œkill - 訊號 $$ã€
傳é€çµ¦ shell。
退出狀態：
回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …或者 SIGSPEC。 輸入「%s -c "help set"ã€æ›´å¤šé—œæ–¼ shell é¸é …的訊æ¯ã€‚
輸入「%s -c helpã€æ›´å¤šé—œæ–¼å…§å»º shell 命令的訊æ¯ã€‚
ä¸æ˜Žè¨Šè™Ÿ # ä¸æ˜Žè¨Šè™Ÿ #%d ä¸æ˜ŽéŒ¯èª¤ ä¸æ˜Žç‹€æ…‹ 緊急 I/O ç‹€æ³ ç”¨æ³•ï¼š %s [GNU é•·é¸é …] [é¸é …] …
%s [GNU é•·é¸é …] [é¸é …] 指令稿檔案 …
使用「%sã€é€€å‡º shell 。
使用「bashbugã€å‘½ä»¤é€šå ±ç¨‹å¼éŒ¯èª¤ã€‚
使用者訊號 1 使用者訊號 2 ç‰å¾…工作完æˆä¸¦å›žå‚³é€€å‡ºç‹€æ…‹ã€‚
ç‰å¾…以 ID 編號è˜åˆ¥çš„è¡Œç¨‹ï¼Œå…¶ä¸ ID å¯ä»¥æ˜¯è¡Œç¨‹ç·¨è™Ÿæˆ–者工作è¦æ ¼ï¼Œ
ä¸¦é€šå ±å®ƒçš„çµ‚æ¢ç‹€æ…‹ã€‚如果 ID 沒有給出，則ç‰å¾…所有的當å‰æ´»èºå
行程，並且回傳狀態為零。如果 ID 是工作è¦æ ¼ï¼Œç‰å¾…工作管é“ä¸çš„
所有行程。
若給定了 -n é¸é …，ç‰å¾…下一個工作完æˆä¸¦å›žå‚³å…¶ç‹€æ…‹ã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳最後一個 ID 行程的狀態；如果使用了無效的 ID 或者é¸é …則失敗。 ç‰å¾…行程完æˆä¸¦ä¸”回傳退出狀態。
ç‰å¾…æŒ‡å®šè¡Œç¨‹ä¸¦é€šå ±å®ƒçš„çµ‚æ¢ç‹€æ…‹ã€‚如果沒有æä¾› PID，則當å‰æ‰€æœ‰çš„æ´»èº
å行程都會被ç‰å¾…，並且回傳碼為零。PID å¿…é ˆç‚ºè¡Œç¨‹è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿã€‚
退出狀態：
回傳行程 ID 的狀態；如果 PID 是無效的行程è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿæˆ–者指定了無效的é¸é …則失敗。 視窗已變更 寫入引數至標準輸出è£ç½®ã€‚
在標準輸出è£ç½®ä¸Šé¡¯ç¤º ARGs 引數和一個æ›åˆ—。
é¸é …：
-n ä¸é™„åŠ æ›åˆ—
退出狀態：
除éžå¯«éŒ¯èª¤ç™¼ç”Ÿï¼Œå¦å‰‡å›žå‚³æˆåŠŸã€‚ 您有郵件在 $_ 您有新郵件在 $_ [ 引數… ] [[ è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ ]] 「%cã€ï¼šä¸ç•¶çš„命令 「%cã€: ç„¡æ•ˆæ ¼å¼å—å…ƒ 「%cã€: 無效的符號狀態å—å…ƒ 「%cã€: 無效的符號狀態é‹ç®—å 「%cã€: ç„¡æ•ˆçš„æ™‚é–“æ ¼å¼è¦æ ¼ 「%sã€: ç„¡æ³•è§£é™¤ç¹«çµ ã€Œ%sã€: 無效的別å 「%sã€: 無效的éµå°æ˜ å 「%sã€: 特殊內建 「%sã€: ç¼ºå°‘æ ¼å¼å—å…ƒ 「%sã€ï¼šä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ pid 或有效的工作è¦æ ¼ 「%sã€ï¼šä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹æœ‰æ•ˆçš„è˜åˆ¥ç¬¦ 「%sã€ï¼šä¸æ˜Žå‡½æ•¸å稱 需è¦ã€Œ)〠需è¦ã€Œ)ã€ï¼Œå¾—到 %s æ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼éœ€è¦ã€Œ:〠add_process: 行程è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿ %5ld(%s) 標註為ä»æ´»è‘— add_process: 行程 %5ld(%s) 進入 the_pipeline alias [-p] [å稱[=值] … ] all_local_variables: 當å‰ä½œç”¨åŸŸä¸æ²’有函數語境 引數 需è¦å¼•æ•¸ 需è¦é™£åˆ—è®Šæ•¸æ”¯æ´ å˜—è©¦æŒ‡æ´¾çµ¦éžè®Šæ•¸ 陣列下標ä¸æ£ç¢º ä¸ç•¶çš„命令類型 ä¸ç•¶çš„連接器 錯誤的跳轉 錯誤的替æ›: 在 %s ä¸æ²’有閉åˆçš„「`〠錯誤的替æ›: 在 %2$s ä¸æ²’有閉åˆçš„「%1$s〠bash_execute_unix_command: 無法為命令找到éµå°æ˜ bg [工作è¦æ ¼ …] bind [-lpvsPSVX] [-m éµå°æ˜ ] [-f 檔å] [-q å稱] [-u å稱] [-r éµåºåˆ—] [-x éµåºåˆ—:shell- 命令] [éµåºåˆ—:readline- 函數 或 readline- 命令] 大括號展開： 無法為 %s 分é…記憶體 大括號展開： 為 %d å€‹å…ƒç´ åˆ†é…記憶體失敗 大括號展開： 為「%sã€åˆ†é…記憶體失敗 break [n] 錯誤：ä¸ç•¶çš„表示å¼å—組 builtin [shell 內建 [引數 …]] caller [表示å¼] åªèƒ½å¾žå‡½æ•¸æˆ–者原始指令稿「return〠åªèƒ½ç”¨åœ¨å‡½æ•¸ä¸ 無法從檔案æ述符 %d 為 bash 的輸入ç²å–一個新的檔案æ述符 無法為立å³æ–‡ä»¶å»ºç«‹è‡¨æ™‚檔案: %s 無法複製檔案æ述符 %d 到檔案æ述符 %d 無法將命åç®¡é“ %s åšç‚ºæª”案æ述符 %d 複製 無法在共享物件 %2$s ä¸æ‰¾åˆ° %1$s: %3$s 無法為命令替æ›å»ºç«‹å行程 無法為行程替æ›å»ºç«‹å行程 無法為命令替æ›å»ºç«‹ç®¡é“ 無法為行程替æ›å»ºç«‹ç®¡é“ 無法開啟命åç®¡é“ %s 進 readline- 無法開啟命åç®¡é“ %s 進行寫入 無法開啟共享物件 %s: %s 無法從 /dev/null é‡å®šå‘標準輸入: %s 無法為檔案æ述符 %d é‡ç½®ç„¡å»¶é²æ¨¡å¼ 無法åŒæ™‚è¨å®šå’Œå–消è¨å®š shell é¸é … 無法è¨å®šçµ‚端行程群組(%d) 無法åŒæ™‚å–消è¨å®šä¸€å€‹å‡½æ•¸å’Œä¸€å€‹è®Šæ•¸ 無法懸置 無法將登入 shell 懸置 無法用「-fã€ç”Ÿæˆå‡½æ•¸ 最多能使用 -anrw é¸é …之一 case è©ž in [æ¨¡å¼ [| 模å¼]…) 命令 ;;]… esac cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [目錄] å行程 setpgid (%ld 到 %ld) command [-pVv] 命令 [引數 …] command_substitute: 無法將管é“複製為檔案æ述符 1 complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o é¸é …] [-A 動作] [-G 全域模å¼] [-W 詞語列表] [-F 函數] [-C 命令] [-X éŽæ¿¾æ¨¡å¼] [-P å—首] [-S å—å°¾] [å稱 …] 補完: 未找到函數「%s〠compopt [-o|+o é¸é …] [-DE] [å稱 …] 需è¦äºŒå…ƒæ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å continue [n] coproc [å稱] 命令 [é‡å®šå‘] 無法找到 /tmp ，請建立 cprintf:「%cã€: ç„¡æ•ˆçš„æ ¼å¼å—å…ƒ ç•¶å‰ declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [å稱[=值] …] 刪除行程群組 %2$ld ä¸å·²åœæ¢çš„工作 %1$d describe_pid: %ld: ç„¡æ¤è¡Œç¨‹è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿ ç›®éŒ„å †ç–Šç‚ºç©º ç›®éŒ„å †ç–Šç´¢å¼• dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] 除 0 動態載入ä¸å¯ç”¨ echo [-n] [引數 …] echo [-neE] [引數 …] 空陣列變數å enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f 檔å] [å稱 …] ç²å–終端屬性時出錯: %s 錯誤，輸入的函數定義為「%s〠è¨å®šçµ‚端屬性時出錯: %s eval [引數 …] exec [-cl] [-a å稱] [命令 [引數 …]] [é‡å®šå‘ …] exit [n] é 期「)〠指數å°æ–¼ 0 export [-fn] [å稱[=值] …] 或 export -p 需è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ 表示å¼éžè¿´å±¤æ¬¡è¶…å‡ºç¯„åœ fc [-e 編輯器å] [-lnr] [起始] [終çµ] 或 fc -s [模å¼=替æ›ä¸²] [命令] fg [工作è¦æ ¼] 檔案æè¿°ç¬¦è¶…å‡ºç¯„åœ éœ€è¦æª”å引數 for (( 表示å¼1; 表示å¼2; 表示å¼3 )); do 命令 ; done for å稱 [in å—è©ž … ] ; do 命令 ; done 生æˆçš„行程è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿ %d 顯示為執行ä¸çš„工作 %d æ ¼å¼è§£æžå•é¡Œ: %s free: 用已經釋放的å€å¡Šåšç‚ºå‘¼å«å¼•æ•¸ free: 用未分é…çš„å€å¡Šåšç‚ºå‘¼å«å¼•æ•¸ free: 啟始和末尾å€å¡Šå¤§å°ä¸ä¸€è‡´ free: 檢測到下é™æº¢ä½ï¼›mh_nbytes è¶…å‡ºç¯„åœ function å稱 { 命令 ; } 或 name () { 命令 ; } 未來版本的 shell 會強制以算術替æ›æ±‚值 getcwd: 無法訪å•ä¸Šå±¤ç›®éŒ„ getopts é¸é …å—串 å稱 [引數] hash [-lr] [-p 路徑å] [-dt] [å稱 …] å·²åœç”¨é›œæ¹Š help [-dms] [æ¨¡å¼ â€¦] ç«‹å³æ–‡ä»¶åœ¨ç¬¬ %d 列被檔案çµæŸç¬¦åˆ†éš” (需è¦ã€Œ%sã€) history [-c] [-d å移é‡] [n] 或 history -anrw [檔å] 或 history -ps 引數 [åƒæ•¸â€¦] æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„ä½ç½® æ·å²è¨˜éŒ„è¦æ ¼ å‘½ä¸ å‘½ä»¤
é 增符或é 減符後應跟有標è˜ç¬¦ if 命令 ; then 命令 ; [ elif 命令 ; then 命令 ; ]… [ else 命令 ; ] fi initialize_job_control: getpgrp 失敗 initialize_job_control: 列è¦å¾‹ initialize_job_control: setpgid ç„¡æ•ˆçš„ç®—è¡“é€²ä½ ç„¡æ•ˆçš„åŸºåº• %2$s çš„ exportstr ä¸æœ‰ç„¡æ•ˆçš„å—å…ƒ %1$d 無效的åå…進ä½æ•¸å— ç„¡æ•ˆæ•¸å— ç„¡æ•ˆçš„å…«é€²ä½æ•¸å— ç„¡æ•ˆä¿¡è™Ÿæ•¸å— åœ¨ä¸å¸¶å·¥ä½œæŽ§åˆ¶çš„情æ³ä¸‹å•Ÿå‹•äº†å·¥ä½œ %d job_spec [&] jobs [-lnprs] [工作è¦æ ¼ …] 或 jobs -x 命令 [引數] kill [-s 訊號è¦æ ¼ | -n 訊號編號 | - 訊號è¦æ ¼] 行程è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿ | 工作è¦æ ¼ … 或 kill -l [訊號è¦æ ¼] 最後的命令： %s
let 引數 [引數 …] limit 第 %d 列： 未啟用列編輯 local [option] å稱[=值] … 登出
logout [n] 迴圈計數 make_here_document：ä¸ç•¶çš„指示類型 %d make_local_variable: 當å‰ä½œç”¨åŸŸä¸æ²’有函數語境 make_redirection：é‡æ–°å°Žå‘指示「%dã€è¶…å‡ºç¯„åœ malloc: 空閒串列ä¸çš„å€å¡Šæ壞 malloc: 主張失敗: %s
é·ç§»è¡Œç¨‹è‡³å¦ä¸€å€‹ CPU 缺少「)〠缺少「]〠使用了 \x 但缺少åå…進ä½æ•¸å— 使用了 \%c 但缺少è¬åœ‹ç¢¼æ•¸å— ä¸æ”¯æŒç¶²è·¯æ“作 %s çš„ exportstr ä¸æ²’有「=〠%2$s ä¸æ²’有閉åˆçš„「%1$c〠未找到命令 沒有與「%sã€åŒ¹é…的說明主題。嘗試「help helpã€æˆ–「man -k %sã€æˆ–「info %sã€ã€‚ 沒有工作控制 æ¤ shell ä¸ç„¡å·¥ä½œæŽ§åˆ¶ 無匹é…: %s 無其他目錄 其他é¸é …ä¸èƒ½èˆ‡ã€Œ-xã€åŒæ™‚使用 當å‰æœªåŸ·è¡Œè£œå®ŒåŠŸèƒ½ ä¸æ˜¯ç™»å…¥ shell: 使用「exit〠八進ä½æ•¸å— 僅在「forã€ï¼Œã€Œwhileã€ï¼Œ 或者「untilã€è¿´åœˆä¸æœ‰æ„義 管é“錯誤 pop_scope: shell_variables çš„å‰ç«¯ä¸æ˜¯è‡¨æ™‚環境作用域 pop_var_context: shell_variables çš„å‰ç«¯ä¸æ˜¯å‡½æ•¸èªžå¢ƒ pop_var_context: 沒有 global_variables 語境 popd [-n] [+N | -N] å³å°‡åœæ¢é›»æº print_command: 錯誤的æ¢ä»¶é€£æŽ¥ç¬¦ã€Œ%d〠printf [-v var] æ ¼å¼ [引數] progcomp_insert: %s: 空的補完è¦æ ¼ 程å¼è¨è¨ˆéŒ¯èª¤ pushd [-n] [+N | -N | 目錄] pwd [-LP] read [-ers] [-a 陣列] [-d 分隔符] [-i ç·©è¡å€æ–‡å—] [-n 讀å–å—元數] [-N 讀å–å—符數] [-p æ示符] [-t 逾時] [-u 檔案æ述符] [å稱 …] 讀å–錯誤: %d: %s readarray [-n 計數] [-O 起始åºè™Ÿ] [-s 計數] [-t] [-u fd] [-C 回呼] [-c 定é‡] [陣列] readonly [-aAf] [å稱[=值] …] 或 readonly -p realloc: 用未分é…çš„å€å¡Šåšç‚ºå‘¼å«å¼•æ•¸ realloc: 啟始和末尾å€å¡Šå¤§å°ä¸ä¸€è‡´ realloc: 檢測到下é™æº¢ä½ï¼›mh_nbytes è¶…å‡ºç¯„åœ éžè¿´å †ç–Šä¸‹é™æº¢ä½ é‡å®šå‘錯誤: 無法複製檔案æ述符 register_alloc: %p 在表ä¸é¡¯ç¤ºç‚ºå·²åˆ†é…？
register_alloc: 分é…表已經充滿了 FIND_ALLOC？
register_free: %p 在表ä¸é¡¯ç¤ºç‚ºå·²é‡‹æ”¾ï¼Ÿ
å—é™çš„ return [n] run_pending_traps: trap_list[%d] ä¸çš„錯誤值: %p run_pending_traps： 信號處ç†æ˜¯ SIG_DFL，resending %d (%s) to myself save_bash_input: 已經å˜åœ¨æ–°çš„檔案æ述符 %d çš„ç·©è¡å€ select NAME [in å—è©ž … ;] do 命令 ; done set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o é¸é …å] [--] [引數 …] setlocale: %s: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s) setlocale: %s: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s): %s setlocale: LC_ALL: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s) setlocale: LC_ALL: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s): %s shell 層次 (%d) 太高，é‡ç½®ç‚º 1 shift [n] ä½ç§»è¨ˆæ•¸ shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [é¸é …å …] sigprocmask： %d：無效æ“作 source 檔å [引數] start_pipeline: è¡Œç¨‹ç¾¤çµ„ç®¡é“ suspend [-f] 語法錯誤 語法錯誤，在有æ¢ä»¶çš„è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ æ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ä¸æœ‰èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤: 未é 期的å—組「%s〠表示å¼èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤ 「%sã€é™„近有語法錯誤 未é 期的å—組「%sã€é™„近有語法錯誤 語法錯誤：「((%s))〠語法錯誤：「;ã€æ„外 語法錯誤：需è¦ç®—å¼ èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤: 無效的算術é‹ç®—å 語法錯誤: 需è¦é‹ç®—å…ƒ 語法錯誤: 未é 期的檔案çµå°¾ 系統å³å°‡å´©æ½° test [表示å¼] time [-p] ç®¡é“ å¤ªå¤šå¼•æ•¸ trap [-lp] [[引數] 訊號è¦æ ¼ …] trap_handler：ä¸ç•¶çš„信號 %d type [-afptP] å稱 [å稱 …] umask [-p] [-S] [模å¼] unalias [-a] å稱 [å稱 …] 尋找「]]ã€æ™‚é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé 期的檔案çµæŸç¬¦ 尋找匹é…的「%cã€æ™‚é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé 期的檔案çµæŸç¬¦ 尋找匹é…的「)ã€æ™‚é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé 期的檔案çµæŸç¬¦ 二元æ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å使用了未é 期的引數「%s〠一元æ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å使用了未é 期的引數「%s〠二元æ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å使用了未é 期的引數 一元æ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å使用了未é 期的引數 æ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸æœ‰æœªé 期的å—組 %d æ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸æœ‰æœªé 期的å—組「%c〠æ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸æœ‰æœªé 期的å—組「%s〠未é 期的å—組「%sã€ï¼Œéœ€è¦äºŒå…ƒæ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å 未é 期的å—組「%sã€ï¼Œéœ€è¦ã€Œ)〠ä¸æ˜Ž ä¸æ˜Žå‘½ä»¤éŒ¯èª¤ unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [å稱 …] until 命令 ; do 命令 ; done 數值太大ä¸å¯ç‚ºç®—術進ä½çš„基底 variables - 一些 shell 變數的å稱和å«ç¾© wait [-n] [編號 …] wait [行程è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿ …] wait: 行程è˜åˆ¥è™Ÿ %ld ä¸æ˜¯ç•¶å‰ shell çš„å行程 wiat_for: 沒有行程 %ld 的記錄 wait_for_job: 工作 %d å·²åœæ¢ waitchld: é–‹å•Ÿ WNOHANG 以é¿å…ç„¡é™é˜»å¡ž è¦å‘Šï¼š è¦å‘Š: %s: %s è¦å‘Šï¼š -C é¸é …å¯èƒ½ç„¡æ³•æŒ‰é 期工作 è¦å‘Šï¼š -F é¸é …å¯èƒ½ç„¡æ³•æŒ‰é 期工作 while 命令 ; do 命令 ; done 寫入錯誤： %s xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d) xtrace_set: %d: 無效的檔案æ述符 xtrace_set: 空的檔案指標 { 命令 ; }