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‚øÑ„6N:>%ßM;ÂeOuî¢Aý,zç Å^q¹˜9åÈ²ÖêÆÉ%GåÚ®aZ”|y0RHÚGùXb;zò}tâ}joA½Ø^1NÔ5ƒmnª= Õû$Á™¦×°4_(ü2¦ùÜÎ3æ”ö•ÖÕø-1]Œ3JBíèj´ h7…›’ ˆ/ñ ú—Ó·ºï¡× ‹ÂnRQœàOC'$7+§\*» ž[¿KÄÃoÍ~æpP£‰€Þd‚‡ëwr…FìÌŒê0¬vDªÃÛä½‹fVŠ{‘õUtimed out waiting for input: auto-logout -%s or -o option -ilrsD or -c command or -O shopt_option (invocation only) malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched (wd: %s) (core dumped) line $%s: cannot assign in this way%c%c: invalid option%d: invalid file descriptor: %s%s can be invoked via %s has null exportstr%s is %s %s is a function %s is a shell builtin %s is a shell keyword %s is a special shell builtin %s is aliased to `%s' %s is hashed (%s) %s is not bound to any keys. %s out of range%s%s%s: %s (error token is "%s")%s: %s%s: %s out of range%s: %s: bad interpreter%s: %s: cannot open as FILE%s: %s: compatibility value out of range%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)%s: Is a directory%s: ambiguous job spec%s: ambiguous redirect%s: arguments must be process or job IDs%s: bad network path specification%s: bad substitution%s: binary operator expected%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)%s: cannot assign fd to variable%s: cannot assign list to array member%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array%s: cannot create: %s%s: cannot delete: %s%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way%s: cannot execute binary file%s: cannot execute binary file: %s%s: cannot execute: %s%s: cannot export%s: cannot get limit: %s%s: cannot modify limit: %s%s: cannot open temp file: %s%s: cannot open: %s%s: cannot overwrite existing file%s: cannot read: %s%s: cannot unset%s: cannot unset: readonly %s%s: circular name reference%s: command not found%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s %s: expression error %s: file is too large%s: file not found%s: first non-whitespace character is not `"'%s: hash table empty %s: history expansion failed%s: host unknown%s: illegal option -- %c %s: inlib failed%s: integer expression expected%s: invalid action name%s: invalid argument%s: invalid array origin%s: invalid associative array key%s: invalid callback quantum%s: invalid file descriptor specification%s: invalid indirect expansion%s: invalid limit argument%s: invalid line count%s: invalid option%s: invalid option name%s: invalid service%s: invalid shell option name%s: invalid signal specification%s: invalid timeout specification%s: invalid variable name%s: invalid variable name for name reference%s: is a directory%s: job %d already in background%s: job has terminated%s: line %d: %s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)%s: maximum source nesting level exceeded (%d)%s: missing colon separator%s: nameref variable self references not allowed%s: no completion specification%s: no job control%s: no such job%s: not a function%s: not a regular file%s: not a shell builtin%s: not an array variable%s: not an indexed array%s: not dynamically loaded%s: not found%s: numeric argument required%s: option requires an argument%s: option requires an argument -- %c %s: parameter null or not set%s: quoted compound array assignment deprecated%s: readonly function%s: readonly variable%s: reference variable cannot be an array%s: restricted%s: restricted: cannot redirect output%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names%s: substring expression < 0%s: unary operator expected%s: unbound variable%s: usage: %s: variable may not be assigned value(( expression ))(core dumped) (wd now: %s) . filename [arguments]/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking/tmp must be a valid directory nameABORT instructionAborting...Add directories to stack. Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. -N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory change fails.Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. -N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.Alarm (profile)Alarm (virtual)Alarm clockArithmetic for loop. Equivalent to (( EXP1 )) while (( EXP2 )); do COMMANDS (( EXP3 )) done EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.BPT trace/trapBad system callBogus signalBroken pipeBus errorCPU limitChange the shell working directory. Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the HOME shell variable. The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used. If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set, the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value, its value is used for DIR. Options: -L force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic links in DIR after processing instances of `..' -P use the physical directory structure without following symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before processing instances of `..' -e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status -@ on systems that support it, present a file with extended attributes as a directory containing the file attributes The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified. `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component back to a slash or the beginning of DIR. Exit Status: Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when -P is used; non-zero otherwise.Child death or stopCommon shell variable names and usage. BASH_VERSION Version information for this Bash. CDPATH A colon-separated list of directories to search for directories given as arguments to `cd'. GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored. HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain. HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running shell can access. HOME The complete pathname to your login directory. HOSTNAME The name of the current host. HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under. IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF character as the sole input. If set, then the value of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit (default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input. MACHTYPE A string describing the current system Bash is running on. MAILCHECK How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail. MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks for new mail. OSTYPE The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on. PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when looking for commands. PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each primary prompt. PS1 The primary prompt string. PS2 The secondary prompt string. PWD The full pathname of the current directory. SHELLOPTS A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. TERM The name of the current terminal type. TIMEFORMAT The output format for timing statistics displayed by the `time' reserved word. auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by itself is first looked for in the list of currently stopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded. A value of `exact' means that the command word must exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A value of `substring' means that the command word must match a substring of the job. Any other value means that the command must be a prefix of a stopped job. histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick substitution. The first character is the history substitution character, usually `!'. The second is the `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The third is the `history comment' character, usually `#'. HISTIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which commands should be saved on the history list. ContinueDefine local variables. Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can be any option accepted by `declare'. Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible only to the function where they are defined and its children. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, a variable assignment error occurs, or the shell is not executing a function.Define or display aliases. Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output. Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given. A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. Options: -p print all defined aliases in a reusable format Exit Status: alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been defined.Define shell function. Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command, NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked, the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's name is in $FUNCNAME. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is readonly.Display directory stack. Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get back up through the list with the `popd' command. Options: -c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements -l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative to your home directory -p print the directory stack with one entry per line -v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed with its position in the stack Arguments: +N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.Display information about builtin commands. Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN, otherwise the list of help topics is printed. Options: -d output short description for each topic -m display usage in pseudo-manpage format -s output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching PATTERN Arguments: PATTERN Pattern specifiying a help topic Exit Status: Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given.Display information about command type. For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a command name. Options: -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if the `-p' option is not also used -f suppress shell function lookup -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file that would be executed -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file' -t output a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not found, respectively Arguments: NAME Command name to be interpreted. Exit Status: Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found.Display or execute commands from the history list. fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list. FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a string, which means the most recent command beginning with that string. Options: -e ENAME select which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR, then vi -l list lines instead of editing -n omit line numbers when listing -r reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first) With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed. A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc' runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes the last command. Exit Status: Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs.Display or set file mode mask. Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints the current value of the mask. If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1). Options: -p if MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input -S makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output Exit Status: Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given.Display possible completions depending on the options. Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against WORD are generated. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.Display process times. Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its child processes. Exit Status: Always succeeds.Display status of jobs. Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed. Options: -l lists process IDs in addition to the normal information -n lists only processes that have changed status since the last notification -p lists process IDs only -r restrict output to running jobs -s restrict output to stopped jobs If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's process group leader. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs. If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND.Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get back up through the list with the `popd' command. Options: -c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements -l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative to your home directory -p print the directory stack with one entry per line -v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed with its position in the stack Arguments: +N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.DoneDone(%d)EMT instructionEnable and disable shell builtins. Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin without using a full pathname. Options: -a print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled -n disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins -p print the list of builtins in a reusable format -s print only the names of Posix `special' builtins Options controlling dynamic loading: -f Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME -d Remove a builtin loaded with -f Without options, each NAME is enabled. To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin version, type `enable -n test'. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs.Evaluate arithmetic expression. The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic evaluation. Equivalent to "let EXPRESSION". Exit Status: Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise.Evaluate arithmetic expressions. Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. id++, id-- variable post-increment, post-decrement ++id, --id variable pre-increment, pre-decrement -, + unary minus, plus !, ~ logical and bitwise negation ** exponentiation *, /, % multiplication, division, remainder +, - addition, subtraction <<, >> left and right bitwise shifts <=, >=, <, > comparison ==, != equality, inequality & bitwise AND ^ bitwise XOR | bitwise OR && logical AND || logical OR expr ? expr : expr conditional operator =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |= assignment Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. Exit Status: If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.Evaluate conditional expression. Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well. The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the bash manual page for the complete specification. File operators: -a FILE True if file exists. -b FILE True if file is block special. -c FILE True if file is character special. -d FILE True if file is a directory. -e FILE True if file exists. -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file. -g FILE True if file is set-group-id. -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link. -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link. -k FILE True if file has its `sticky' bit set. -p FILE True if file is a named pipe. -r FILE True if file is readable by you. -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty. -S FILE True if file is a socket. -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal. -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id. -w FILE True if the file is writable by you. -x FILE True if the file is executable by you. -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you. -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group. -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read. FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to modification date). FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2. FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2. String operators: -z STRING True if string is empty. -n STRING STRING True if string is not empty. STRING1 = STRING2 True if the strings are equal. STRING1 != STRING2 True if the strings are not equal. STRING1 < STRING2 True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically. STRING1 > STRING2 True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically. Other operators: -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled. -v VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set. -R VAR True if the shell variable VAR is set and is a name reference. ! EXPR True if expr is false. EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true. EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true. arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than ARG2. Exit Status: Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to false or an invalid argument is given.Evaluate conditional expression. This is a synonym for the "test" builtin, but the last argument must be a literal `]', to match the opening `['.Execute a simple command or display information about commands. Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands on disk when a function with the same name exists. Options: -p use a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities -v print a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin -V print a more verbose description of each COMMAND Exit Status: Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found.Execute arguments as a shell command. Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell, and execute the resulting commands. Exit Status: Returns exit status of command or success if command is null.Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed. Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands as long as a test succeeds. Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands based on conditional. The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise, the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands based on pattern matching. Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The `|' is used to separate multiple patterns. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands for each member in a list. The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in "$@"' is assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and the COMMANDS are executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands from a file in the current shell. Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters when FILENAME is executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if FILENAME cannot be read.Execute conditional command. Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators: ( EXPRESSION ) Returns the value of EXPRESSION ! EXPRESSION True if EXPRESSION is false; else false EXPR1 && EXPR2 True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false EXPR1 || EXPR2 True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed. When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator is matched as a regular expression. The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to determine the expression's value. Exit Status: 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION.Execute shell builtins. Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function. Exit Status: Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is not a shell builtin..Exit %dExit a login shell. Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed in a login shell.Exit for, while, or until loops. Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing loops. Exit Status: The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1.Exit the shell. Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.File limitFloating point exceptionFormats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. Options: -v var assign the output to shell variable VAR rather than display it on the standard output FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive argument. In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1), printf interprets: %b expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument %q quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a format string for strftime(3) The format is re-used as necessary to consume all of the arguments. If there are fewer arguments than the format requires, extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment error occurs.GNU bash, version %s (%s) GNU bash, version %s-(%s) GNU long options: General help using GNU software: Group commands as a unit. Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an entire set of commands. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.HFT input data pendingHFT monitor mode grantedHFT monitor mode retractedHFT sound sequence has completedHOME not setHangupI have no name!I/O readyINFORM: Illegal instructionInformation requestInterruptKilledLicense GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later Mark shell variables as unchangeable. Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before marking as read-only. Options: -a refer to indexed array variables -A refer to associative array variables -f refer to shell functions -p display a list of all readonly variables or functions, depending on whether or not the -f option is given An argument of `--' disables further option processing. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.Modify or display completion options. Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification. Options: -o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME -D Change options for the "default" command completion -E Change options for the "empty" command completion Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option. Arguments: Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion generator are modified. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not have a completion specification defined.Modify shell resource limits. Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes it creates, on systems that allow such control. Options: -S use the `soft' resource limit -H use the `hard' resource limit -a all current limits are reported -b the socket buffer size -c the maximum size of core files created -d the maximum size of a process's data segment -e the maximum scheduling priority (`nice') -f the maximum size of files written by the shell and its children -i the maximum number of pending signals -k the maximum number of kqueues allocated for this process -l the maximum size a process may lock into memory -m the maximum resident set size -n the maximum number of open file descriptors -p the pipe buffer size -q the maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues -r the maximum real-time scheduling priority -s the maximum stack size -t the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds -u the maximum number of user processes -v the size of virtual memory -x the maximum number of file locks -P the maximum number of pseudoterminals -T the maximum number of threads Not all options are available on all platforms. If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively. Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled number of processes. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.Move job to the foreground. Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. Exit Status: Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs.Move jobs to the background. Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. Exit Status: Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.Null command. No effect; the command does nothing. Exit Status: Always succeeds.OLDPWD not setParse option arguments. Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters as options. OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG. getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?' is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the printing of error messages, even if the first character of OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default. Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if more arguments are given, they are parsed instead. Exit Status: Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs.Print the name of the current working directory. Options: -L print the value of $PWD if it names the current working directory -P print the physical directory, without any symbolic links By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified. Exit Status: Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory cannot be read.QuitRead a line from the standard input and split it into fields. Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word delimiters. If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable. Options: -a array assign the words read to sequential indices of the array variable ARRAY, starting at zero -d delim continue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather than newline -e use Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell -i text use TEXT as the initial text for Readline -n nchars return after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting for a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS characters are read before the delimiter -N nchars return only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless EOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter -p prompt output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before attempting to read -r do not allow backslashes to escape any characters -s do not echo input coming from a terminal -t timeout time out and return failure if a complete line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT variable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a fractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns immediately, without trying to read any data, returning success only if input is available on the specified file descriptor. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded -u fd read from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input Exit Status: The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u.Read lines from a file into an array variable. A synonym for `mapfile'.Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable. Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE is the default ARRAY. Options: -d delim Use DELIM to terminate lines, instead of newline -n count Copy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied -O origin Begin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0 -s count Discard the first COUNT lines read -t Remove a trailing DELIM from each line read (default newline) -u fd Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input -C callback Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read -c quantum Specify the number of lines read between each call to CALLBACK Arguments: ARRAY Array variable name to use for file data If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element as additional arguments. If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before assigning to it. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or not an indexed array.Record lockRemember or display program locations. Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed. Options: -d forget the remembered location of each NAME -l display in a format that may be reused as input -p pathname use PATHNAME as the full pathname of NAME -r forget all remembered locations -t print the remembered location of each NAME, preceding each location with the corresponding NAME if multiple NAMEs are given Arguments: NAME Each NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list of remembered commands. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given.Remove directories from stack. Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0' removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second. -N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0' removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory change fails.Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases. Options: -a remove all alias definitions Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias.Remove jobs from current shell. Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job. Options: -a remove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied -h mark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the shell receives a SIGHUP -r remove only running jobs Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given.Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0' removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second. -N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0' removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.Replace the shell with the given command. Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program. ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell. Options: -a name pass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND -c execute COMMAND with an empty environment -l place a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless the shell option `execfail' is set. Exit Status: Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs.Report time consumed by pipeline's execution. Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time, and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates. Options: -p print the timing summary in the portable Posix format The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format. Exit Status: The return status is the return status of PIPELINE.Resume for, while, or until loops. Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop. Exit Status: The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1.Resume job in foreground. Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an argument to `bg'. Exit Status: Returns the status of the resumed job.Return a successful result. Exit Status: Always succeeds.Return an unsuccessful result. Exit Status: Always fails.Return from a shell function. Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed within the function or script. Exit Status: Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script.Return the context of the current subroutine call. Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename". With EXPR, returns "$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information can be used to provide a stack trace. The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the current one; the top frame is frame 0. Exit Status: Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR is invalid.Returns the context of the current subroutine call. Without EXPR, returns RunningSegmentation faultSelect words from a list and execute commands. The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in "$@"' is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection until a break command is executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Set Readline key bindings and variables. Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument: e.g., bind '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options: -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert. -l List names of functions. -P List function names and bindings. -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be reused as input. -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values in a form that can be reused as input. -V List variable names and values -v List variable names and values in a form that can be reused as input. -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function. -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function. -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ. -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME. -x keyseq:shell-command Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when KEYSEQ is entered. -X List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands in a form that can be reused as input. Exit Status: bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs.Set and unset shell options. Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each is set. Options: -o restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o' -p print each shell option with an indication of its status -q suppress output -s enable (set) each OPTNAME -u disable (unset) each OPTNAME Exit Status: Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is given or OPTNAME is disabled.Set export attribute for shell variables. Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting. Options: -f refer to shell functions -n remove the export property from each NAME -p display a list of all exported variables and functions An argument of `--' disables further option processing. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.Set variable values and attributes. Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given, display the attributes and values of all variables. Options: -f restrict action or display to function names and definitions -F restrict display to function names only (plus line number and source file when debugging) -g create global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise ignored -p display the attributes and value of each NAME Options which set attributes: -a to make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported) -A to make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported) -i to make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute -l to convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment -n make NAME a reference to the variable named by its value -r to make NAMEs readonly -t to make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute -u to convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment -x to make NAMEs export Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute. Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value. When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local' command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or a variable assignment error occurs.Shell commands matching keyword `Shell commands matching keywords `Shell options: Shift positional parameters. Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is not given, it is assumed to be 1. Exit Status: Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#.Signal %dSpecify how arguments are to be completed by Readline. For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. Options: -p print existing completion specifications in a reusable format -r remove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications -D apply the completions and actions as the default for commands without any specific completion defined -E apply the completions and actions to "empty" commands -- completion attempted on a blank line When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the uppercase-letter options are listed above. The -D option takes precedence over -E. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.StoppedStopped (signal)Stopped (tty input)Stopped (tty output)Stopped(%s)Suspend shell execution. Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended. Options: -f force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell Exit Status: Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format characterTerminatedThe mail in %s has been read There are running jobs. There are stopped jobs. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list. Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.Trap signals and other events. Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals or other conditions. ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the shell to exit when the -e option is enabled. If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated with each signal. Options: -l print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers -p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A signal may be sent to the shell with "kill -signal $$". Exit Status: Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given.Type `%s -c "help set"' for more information about shell options. Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands. Unknown Signal #Unknown Signal #%dUnknown errorUnknown statusUnset values and attributes of shell variables and functions. For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. Options: -f treat each NAME as a shell function -v treat each NAME as a shell variable -n treat each NAME as a name reference and unset the variable itself rather than the variable it references Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails, tries to unset a function. Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only.Urgent IO conditionUsage: %s [GNU long option] [option] ... %s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ... Use "%s" to leave the shell. Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs. User signal 1User signal 2Wait for job completion and return exit status. Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes in that job's pipeline. If the -n option is supplied, waits for the next job to terminate and returns its exit status. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is given.Wait for process completion and return exit status. Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination status. If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an invalid option is given.Window changedWrite arguments to the standard output. Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline. Options: -n do not append a newline Exit Status: Returns success unless a write error occurs.Write arguments to the standard output. Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by a newline, on the standard output. Options: -n do not append a newline -e enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes -E explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters: \a alert (bell) \b backspace \c suppress further output \e escape character \E escape character \f form feed \n new line \r carriage return \t horizontal tab \v vertical tab \\ backslash \0nnn the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be 0 to 3 octal digits \xHH the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH can be one or two hex digits Exit Status: Returns success unless a write error occurs.You have mail in $_You have new mail in $_[ arg... ][[ expression ]]`%c': bad command`%c': invalid format character`%c': invalid symbolic mode character`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator`%c': invalid time format specification`%s': cannot unbind`%s': invalid alias name`%s': invalid keymap name`%s': is a special builtin`%s': missing format character`%s': not a pid or valid job spec`%s': not a valid identifier`%s': unknown function name`)' expected`)' expected, found %s`:' expected for conditional expressionadd_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still aliveadd_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipelinealias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]all_local_variables: no function context at current scopeargumentargument expectedarray variable support requiredattempted assignment to non-variablebad array subscriptbad command typebad connectorbad jumpbad substitution: no closing "`" in %sbad substitution: no closing `%s' in %sbash home page: bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for commandbg [job_spec ...]bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %sbrace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %d elementsbrace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'break [n]bug: bad expassign tokenbuiltin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]caller [expr]can only `return' from a function or sourced scriptcan only be used in a functioncannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %dcannot create temp file for here-document: %scannot duplicate fd %d to fd %dcannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %dcannot find %s in shared object %s: %scannot make child for command substitutioncannot make child for process substitutioncannot make pipe for command substitutioncannot make pipe for process substitutioncannot open named pipe %s for readingcannot open named pipe %s for writingcannot open shared object %s: %scannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %scannot reset nodelay mode for fd %dcannot set and unset shell options simultaneouslycannot set gid to %d: effective gid %dcannot set terminal process group (%d)cannot set uid to %d: effective uid %dcannot simultaneously unset a function and a variablecannot suspendcannot suspend a login shellcannot use `-f' to make functionscannot use more than one of -anrwcase WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esaccd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]child setpgid (%ld to %ld)command [-pVv] command [arg ...]command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]completion: function `%s' not foundcompopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]conditional binary operator expectedcontinue [n]coproc [NAME] command [redirections]could not find /tmp, please create!cprintf: `%c': invalid format charactercurrentdeclare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]deleting stopped job %d with process group %lddescribe_pid: %ld: no such piddirectory stack emptydirectory stack indexdirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]division by 0dynamic loading not availableecho [-n] [arg ...]echo [-neE] [arg ...]empty array variable nameenable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]error getting terminal attributes: %serror importing function definition for `%s'error setting terminal attributes: %seval [arg ...]eval: maximum eval nesting level exceeded (%d)exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]exit [n]expected `)'exponent less than 0export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -pexpression expectedexpression recursion level exceededfc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]fg [job_spec]file descriptor out of rangefilename argument requiredfor (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; donefor NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; doneforked pid %d appears in running job %dformat parsing problem: %sfree: called with already freed block argumentfree: called with unallocated block argumentfree: start and end chunk sizes differfree: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of rangefunction name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitutiongetcwd: cannot access parent directoriesgetopts optstring name [arg]hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]hashing disabledhelp [-dms] [pattern ...]help not available in this versionhere-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]history positionhistory specificationhits command identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrementif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fiinitialize_job_control: getpgrp failedinitialize_job_control: line disciplineinitialize_job_control: setpgidinvalid arithmetic baseinvalid baseinvalid character %d in exportstr for %sinvalid hex numberinvalid numberinvalid octal numberinvalid signal numberjob %d started without job controljob_spec [&]jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]last command: %s let arg [arg ...]limitline %d: line editing not enabledload function for %s returns failure (%d): not loadedlocal [option] name[=value] ...logout logout [n]loop countmake_here_document: bad instruction type %dmake_local_variable: no function context at current scopemake_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of rangemalloc: block on free list clobberedmalloc: failed assertion: %s mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]maximum here-document count exceededmigrate process to another CPUmissing `)'missing `]'missing hex digit for \xmissing unicode digit for \%cnetwork operations not supportedno `=' in exportstr for %sno closing `%c' in %sno command foundno help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'.no job controlno job control in this shellno match: %sno other directoryno other options allowed with `-x'not currently executing completion functionnot login shell: use `exit'octal numberonly meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' looppipe errorpop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scopepop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function contextpop_var_context: no global_variables contextpopd [-n] [+N | -N]power failure imminentprint_command: bad connector `%d'printf [-v var] format [arguments]progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPECprogramming errorpushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]pwd [-LP]read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]read error: %d: %sreadarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -prealloc: called with unallocated block argumentrealloc: start and end chunk sizes differrealloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of rangerecursion stack underflowredirection error: cannot duplicate fdregister_alloc: %p already in table as allocated? register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC? register_free: %p already in table as free? restrictedreturn [n]run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %prun_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myselfsave_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %dselect NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; doneset [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %ssetlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %sshell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1shift [n]shift countshopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]sigprocmask: %d: invalid operationsource filename [arguments]start_pipeline: pgrp pipesuspend [-f]syntax errorsyntax error in conditional expressionsyntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'syntax error in expressionsyntax error near `%s'syntax error near unexpected token `%s'syntax error: `((%s))'syntax error: `;' unexpectedsyntax error: arithmetic expression requiredsyntax error: invalid arithmetic operatorsyntax error: operand expectedsyntax error: unexpected end of filesystem crash imminenttest [expr]time [-p] pipelinetoo many argumentstrap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]trap_handler: bad signal %dtype [-afptP] name [name ...]typeset [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] name[=value] ...ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [limit]umask [-p] [-S] [mode]unalias [-a] name [name ...]unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operatorunexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operatorunexpected argument to conditional binary operatorunexpected argument to conditional unary operatorunexpected token %d in conditional commandunexpected token `%c' in conditional commandunexpected token `%s' in conditional commandunexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expectedunexpected token `%s', expected `)'unknownunknown command errorunset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...]until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; donevalue too great for basevariables - Names and meanings of some shell variableswait [-n] [id ...]wait [pid ...]wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shellwait_for: No record of process %ldwait_for_job: job %d is stoppedwaitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite blockwarning: warning: %s: %swarning: -C option may not work as you expectwarning: -F option may not work as you expectwhile COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; donewrite error: %sxtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptorxtrace_set: NULL file pointer{ COMMANDS ; }Project-Id-Version: bash 4.4-beta1 Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: POT-Creation-Date: 2016-09-10 12:42-0400 PO-Revision-Date: 2015-10-18 07:47+0700 Last-Translator: Tráº§n Ngá»c QuÃ¢n Language-Team: Vietnamese MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Language: vi Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0; X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.7 quÃ¡ thá»i háº¡n Ä‘á»£i dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp: tá»± Ä‘á»™ng Ä‘Äƒng xuáº¥t -%s hoáº·c -o tÃ¹y-chá»n -ilrsD hoáº·c -c lá»‡nh hay -O tÃ¹y-chá»n-ngáº¯n (chá»‰ gá»i) malloc: %s:%d: kháº³ng Ä‘á»‹nh bá»‹ sai (wd: %s) (xuáº¥t ra core) dÃ²ng $%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ gÃ¡n báº±ng cÃ¡ch nÃ y%c%c: tÃ¹y chá»n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%d: bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡: %s%s cÃ³ thá»ƒ Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i thÃ´ng qua %s cÃ³ exportstr null%s lÃ %s %s lÃ má»™t hÃ m %s lÃ lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p há»‡ vá» %s lÃ tá»« khÃ³a cá»§a há»‡ vá» %s lÃ lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p Ä‘áº·c biá»‡t cá»§a há»‡ vá» %s lÃ bÃ danh cá»§a â€œ%sâ€ %s Ä‘Æ°á»£c bÄƒm (%s) %s khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c rÃ ng buá»™c vá»›i báº¥t ká»³ phÃm nÃ o. %s náº±m ngoÃ i pháº¡m vi%s%s%s: %s (tháº» bÃ i lá»—i lÃ "%s")%s: %s%s: %s náº±m ngoÃ i pháº¡m vi%s: %s: bá»™ thÃ´ng dá»‹ch sai%s: %s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ má»Ÿ nhÆ° lÃ Táº¬P-TIN%s: %s: giÃ¡ trá»‹ so sÃ¡nh náº±m ngoÃ i pháº¡m vi%s: %s: sai Ä‘áº·t giÃ¡ trá»‹ cho bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin váº¿t%s: %s: pháº£i sá» dá»¥ng chá»‰ sá»‘ phá»¥ khi gÃ¡n máº£ng káº¿t há»£p%s: %s:%d: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ cáº¥p phÃ¡t %lu byte%s: %s:%d: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ cáº¥p phÃ¡t %lu byte (%lu byte Ä‘Æ°á»£c cáº¥p phÃ¡t)%s: LÃ má»™t thÆ° má»¥c%s: Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c chÆ°a rÃµ rÃ ng%s: chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng chÆ°a rÃµ rÃ ng%s: Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ pháº£i lÃ ID tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh hoáº·c cÃ´ng viá»‡c%s: Ä‘áº·c táº£ Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n máº¡ng sai%s: thay tháº¿ sai%s: cáº§n toÃ¡n tá» hai ngÃ´i%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ cáº¥p phÃ¡t %lu byte%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ cáº¥p phÃ¡t %lu byte (%lu byte Ä‘Æ°á»£c cáº¥p phÃ¡t)%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ gÃ¡n fd vÃ o biáº¿n%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ gÃ¡n danh sÃ¡ch cho bá»™ pháºn cá»§a máº£ng%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ gÃ¡n cho chá»‰ sá»‘ khÃ´ng thuá»™c kiá»ƒu sá»‘%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i máº£ng káº¿t há»£p sang máº£ng chá»‰ sá»‘%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i máº£ng kiá»ƒu chá»‰ sá»‘ sang máº£ng káº¿t há»£p%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ táº¡o: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ xÃ³a: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ há»§y biáº¿n máº£ng báº±ng cÃ¡ch nÃ y%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ thá»±c hiá»‡n táºp tin nhá»‹ phÃ¢n%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ thá»±c hiá»‡n táºp tin nhá»‹ phÃ¢n: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ thá»±c thi: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ xuáº¥t%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ láº¥y giá»›i háº¡n: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ sá»a Ä‘á»•i giá»›i háº¡n: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ má»Ÿ táºp tin táº¡m: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ má»Ÿ: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ ghi Ä‘Ã¨ lÃªn táºp tin Ä‘Ã£ cÃ³%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ Ä‘á»c: %s%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ há»§y Ä‘áº·t%s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ há»§y Ä‘áº·t: %s chá»‰ Ä‘á»c%s: tÃªn tham chiáº¿u quáº©n trÃ²n%s: khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y lá»‡nh%s: lá»—i láº¥y thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n thá»i: %s: %s %s: lá»—i biá»ƒu thá»©c %s: táºp tin quÃ¡ lá»›n%s: khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y táºp tin%s: kÃ½ tá»± khÃ¡c khoáº£ng tráº¯ng Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ â€œ"â€%s: báº£ng bÄƒm rá»—ng %s: gáº·p lá»—i khi khai triá»ƒn lá»‹ch sá»%s: khÃ´ng rÃµ mÃ¡y%s: tÃ¹y chá»n khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ©p -- %c %s: inlib bá»‹ lá»—i%s: cáº§n biá»ƒu thá»©c sá»‘ nguyÃªn%s: tÃªn hÃ nh Ä‘á»™ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: gá»‘c máº£ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: khÃ³a máº£ng liÃªn káº¿t khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: lÆ°á»£ng gá»i ngÆ°á»£c khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: Ä‘áº·c táº£ bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: triá»ƒn khai giÃ¡n tiáº¿p khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ giá»›i háº¡n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: sai sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng dÃ²ng%s: tÃ¹y chá»n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: tÃªn tÃ¹y chá»n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: dá»‹ch vá»¥ khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: tÃªn tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá» khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: sai Ä‘áº·c táº£ tÃn hiá»‡u%s: sai Ä‘áº·c táº£ thá»i gian chá» tá»‘i Ä‘aâ€œ%sâ€: tÃªn biáº¿n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡%s: tÃªn biáº¿n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡ cho má»™t tham chiáº¿u tÃªn%s: lÃ thÆ° má»¥c%s: cÃ´ng viá»‡c %d Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘ang cháº¡y ná»n%s: cÃ´ng viá»‡c bá»‹ cháº¥m dá»©t%s: dÃ²ng %d: %s: vÆ°á»£t quÃ¡ má»©c Ä‘á»™ cÃ¡c hÃ m lá»“ng nhau tá»‘i Ä‘a (%d)%s: vÆ°á»£t quÃ¡ má»©c Ä‘á»™ nguá»“n lá»“ng nhau tá»‘i Ä‘a (%d)%s: thiáº¿u dáº¥u hai cháº¥m phÃ¢n cÃ¡ch%s: biáº¿n nameref tá»± tham chiáº¿u lÃ khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ©p%s: khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘áº·c táº£ tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n%s: khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡c%s: khÃ´ng cÃ³ cÃ´ng viá»‡c nhÆ° váºy%s: khÃ´ng pháº£i hÃ m%s: khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ táºp tin thÆ°á»ng%s: khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p trong há»‡ vá»%s: khÃ´ng pháº£i biáº¿n máº£ng%s: khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ máº£ng chá»‰ sá»‘%s khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c táº£i Ä‘á»™ng%s: khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y%s: cáº§n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thuá»™c kiá»ƒu sá»‘%s: tÃ¹y chá»n cáº§n má»™t Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘%s: tÃ¹y chá»n cáº§n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ -- %c %s: tham sá»‘ null hoáº·c chÆ°a Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t%s: gÃ¡n máº£ng phá»©c há»£p Ä‘Æ°á»£c trÃch dáº«n Ä‘Ã£ láº¡c háºu%s: hÃ m chá»‰ Ä‘á»c%s: biáº¿n chá»‰ Ä‘á»c%s: biáº¿n tham chiáº¿u khÃ´ng thá»ƒ lÃ má»™t máº£ng%s: bá»‹ háº¡n cháº¿%s: bá»‹ háº¡n cháº¿: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng káº¿t xuáº¥t%s: bá»‹ háº¡n cháº¿: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng â€œ/â€ trong tÃªn lá»‡nh%s: biá»ƒu thá»©c chuá»—i con < 0%s: cáº§n toÃ¡n tá» má»™t ngÃ´i%s: biáº¿n chÆ°a liÃªn káº¿t%s: cÃ¡ch dÃ¹ng: %s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ gÃ¡n giÃ¡ trá»‹ cho biáº¿n(( BTHá»¨C ))(xuáº¥t ra core)(wd ngay: %s) . Táº¬P-TIN [Äá»I-Sá» â€¦]/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c há»— trá»£ náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ máº¡ngâ€œ/tmpâ€ pháº£i lÃ tÃªn thÆ° má»¥c há»£p lá»‡CÃ¢u lá»‡nh Há»¦Y Bá»ŽHá»§y bá»â€¦ThÃªm thÆ° má»¥c vÃ o ngÄƒn xáº¿p. ThÃªm thÆ° má»¥c vÃ o Ä‘á»‰nh cá»§a ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c, hoáº·c xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p, lÃ m cho thÆ° má»¥c má»›i Ä‘áº§u ngÄƒn xáº¿p lÃ thÆ° má»¥c lÃ m viá»‡c hiá»‡n thá»i. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thÃ¬ trao Ä‘á»•i hai thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘áº§u. -n NgÄƒn chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng khi thÃªm thÆ° má»¥c vÃ o ngÄƒn xáº¿p, Ä‘á»ƒ thao tÃ¡c chá»‰ ngÄƒn xáº¿p. +N Xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p Ä‘á»ƒ thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« trÃ¡i danh sÃ¡ch â€œdirsâ€ (báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng) dá»i lÃªn Ä‘áº§u. -N Xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p Ä‘á»ƒ thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« pháº£i danh sÃ¡ch â€œdirsâ€ (báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng) dá»i lÃªn Ä‘áº§u. dir ThÃªm THMá»¤C vÃ o Ä‘áº§u ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c, cho nÃ³ lÃ m thÆ° má»¥c lÃ m viá»‡c hiá»‡n thá»i má»›i. Lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p â€œdirsâ€ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ sai, cÅ©ng khÃ´ng sai chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i thÆ° má»¥c.ThÃªm thÆ° má»¥c vÃ o trÃªn ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c, hoáº·c xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p, lÃ m cho thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n thá»i náº±m á»Ÿ trÃªn Ä‘áº§u. Äá»•i vá»‹ trÃ hai thÆ° má»¥c trÃªn cÃ¹ng náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘. TÃ¹y chá»n: -n ngÄƒn thay Ä‘á»•i thÆ° má»¥c bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng khi thÃªm, chá»‰ thao tÃ¡c trÃªn ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c. Äá»‘i sá»‘: +N xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p Ä‘á»ƒ thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« bÃªn trÃ¡i â€œdirsâ€, báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng) náº±m á»Ÿ Ä‘áº§u. -N xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p Ä‘á»ƒ thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« bÃªn pháº£i â€œdirsâ€, báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng) náº±m á»Ÿ Ä‘áº§u. THÆ¯-Má»¤C thÃªm THÆ¯-Má»¤C vÃ o Ä‘áº§u ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c vÃ dÃ¹ng lÃ m thÆ° má»¥c lÃ m viá»‡c hiá»‡n thá»i. Lá»‡nh â€œdirsâ€ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c.BÃ¡o Ä‘á»™ng (há»“ sÆ¡)BÃ¡o Ä‘á»™ng (áº£o)Äá»“ng há»“ bÃ¡o thá»©cSá»‘ há»c cho vÃ²ng láº·p. TÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘Æ°Æ¡ng vá»›i: (( BTHá»¨C1 )) while (( BTHá»¨C2 )); do CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; (( BTHá»¨C3 )) done BTHá»¨C1, BTHá»¨C2 vÃ BTHá»¨C3 lÃ biá»ƒu thá»©c sá»‘ há»c. Ngáº§m Ä‘á»‹nh 1 cho báº¥t kÃ¬ biá»ƒu thá»©c bá» trá»‘ng nÃ o. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Theo váº¿t/Ä‘áº·t báº«y BPTLá»—i lá»‡nh gá»i há»‡ thá»‘ngTÃn hiá»‡u giáº£á»ng dáº«n há»ngLá»—i busGiá»›i háº¡n CPUÄá»•i thÆ° má»¥c lÃ m viá»‡c cá»§a há»‡ vá». Chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n thá»i sang THÆ¯-Má»¤C. ThÆ° má»¥c máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a biáº¿n HOME. Biáº¿n CDPATH Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n tÃ¬m kiáº¿m cho thÆ° má»¥c chá»©a THÆ¯-Má»¤C. TÃªn thÆ° má»¥c thay tháº¿ trong CDPATH Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ¢n cÃ¡ch báº±ng dáº¥u hai cháº¥m (:). TÃªn thÆ° má»¥c trá»‘ng tÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘Æ°Æ¡ng vá»›i thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n táº¡i. Náº¿u THÆ¯-Má»¤C báº¯t Ä‘áº§u vá»›i dáº¥u gáº¡ch chÃ©o (/) thÃ¬ khÃ´ng dÃ¹ng CDPATH. Náº¿u khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y thÆ° má»¥c, vÃ biáº¿n â€œcdable_varsâ€ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t, thÃ¬ lá»‡nh sáº½ coi lÃ má»™t tÃªn biáº¿n. Náº¿u biáº¿n Ä‘Ã³ cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹, thÃ¬ giÃ¡ trá»‹ nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng cho THÆ¯-Má»¤C. TÃ¹y chá»n: -L buá»™c theo liÃªn káº¿t má»m: phÃ¢n giáº£i liÃªn káº¿t má»m TH.Má»¤C sau khi xá» lÃ½ â€œ..â€ -P dÃ¹ng cáº¥u trÃºc thÆ° má»¥c váºt lÃ½ mÃ khÃ´ng theo liÃªn káº¿t má»m: phÃ¢n giáº£i liÃªn káº¿t má»m TH.Má»¤C sau khi xá» lÃ½ â€œ..â€ -e náº¿u cÃ³ tÃ¹y chá»n -P vÃ khÃ´ng thá»ƒ xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh thÆ° má»¥c lÃ m viá»‡c hiá»‡n táº¡i thÃ¬ thoÃ¡t vá»›i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i khÃ¡c khÃ´ng -@ trÃªn cÃ¡c há»‡ thá»‘ng mÃ há»— trá»£ nÃ³, hiá»‡n diá»‡n má»™t táºp tin vá»›i cÃ¡c thuá»™c tÃnh má»Ÿ rá»™ng nhÆ° lÃ má»™t thÆ° má»¥c chá»©a cÃ¡c thuá»™c tÃnh táºp tin Máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ theo liÃªn káº¿t má»m, nhÆ° cÃ³ máº·t tÃ¹y chá»n â€œ-Lâ€. â€œ..â€ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá» lÃ½ báº±ng cÃ¡ch gá»¡ bá» pháº§n trÆ°á»›c cá»§a Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n cho Ä‘áº¿n dáº¥u gáº¡ch chÃ©o hay Ä‘iá»ƒm báº¯t Ä‘áº§u cá»§a TH.Má»¤C. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ vá» 0 náº¿u thay Ä‘á»•i thÆ° má»¥c, vÃ náº¿u $PWD Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t thÃ nh cÃ´ng khi -P Ä‘Æ°á»£c sá» dá»¥ng; khÃ´ng thÃ¬ khÃ¡c khÃ´ng.Tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con Ä‘Ã£ giáº¿t hoáº·c dá»«ngTÃªn vÃ cÃ¡ch dÃ¹ng cÃ¡c biáº¿n há»‡ vá» thÆ°á»ng dÃ¹ng. BASH_VERSION ThÃ´ng tin phiÃªn báº£n cá»§a Bash Ä‘ang cháº¡y. CDPATH Danh sÃ¡ch thÆ° má»¥c cÃ¡ch nhau báº±ng dáº¥u hai cháº¥m Ä‘á»ƒ tÃ¬m Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thÆ° má»¥c trong lá»‡nh â€œcdâ€. GLOBIGNORE Danh sÃ¡ch máº«u cÃ¡ch nhau báº±ng dáº¥u hai cháº¥m diá»…n táº£ tÃªn táºp tin bá»‹ bá» qua khÃ´ng bung Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n. HISTFILE TÃªn táºp tin chá»©a lá»‹ch sá» cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cá»§a báº¡n. HISTFILESIZE Sá»‘ dÃ²ng tá»‘i Ä‘a táºp tin nÃ y cÃ³ thá»ƒ chá»©a. HISTSIZE Sá»‘ dÃ²ng tá»‘i Ä‘a mÃ há»‡ vá» Ä‘ang cháº¡y cÃ³ thá»ƒ truy cáºp. HOME TÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n Ä‘áº§y Ä‘á»§ cá»§a thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘Äƒng nháºp cá»§a báº¡n. HOSTNAME TÃªn cá»§a mÃ¡y hiá»‡n thá»i cá»§a báº¡n. HOSTTYPE Loáº¡i CPU phiÃªn báº£n Bash nÃ y Ä‘ang cháº¡y. IGNOREEOF Äiá»u khiá»ƒn hÃ nh vi há»‡ vá» khi nháºn EOF lÃ dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp duy nháº¥t. Äáº·t thÃ¬ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a nÃ³ lÃ EOF cÃ³ thá»ƒ gáº·p liÃªn tá»¥c trÃªn má»™t dÃ²ng rá»—ng trÆ°á»›c khi há»‡ vá» káº¿t thÃºc (máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ 10). KhÃ´ng Ä‘áº·t thÃ¬ EOF nghÄ©a lÃ káº¿t thÃºc nháºp. MACHTYPE Chuá»—i mÃ´ táº£ há»‡ thá»‘ng Bash Ä‘ang cháº¡y. MAILCHECK Sá»‘ giÃ¢y giá»¯a hai láº§n Bash kiá»ƒm tra cÃ³ thÆ° má»›i khÃ´ng. MAILPATH Danh sÃ¡ch tÃªn táºp tin cÃ¡ch nhau báº±ng dáº¥u hai cháº¥m Ä‘á»ƒ Bash kiá»ƒm tra cÃ³ thÆ° má»›i khÃ´ng. OSTYPE PhiÃªn báº£n UNIX Bash Ä‘ang cháº¡y. PATH Danh sÃ¡ch thÆ° má»¥c cÃ¡ch nhau báº±ng dáº¥u hai cháº¥m Ä‘á»ƒ tÃ¬m lá»‡nh. PROMPT_COMMAND Lá»‡nh cáº§n thá»±c hiá»‡n trÆ°á»›c khi in dáº¥u nháº¯c chÃnh. PS1 Chuá»—i dáº¥u nháº¯c chÃnh. PS2 Chuá»—i dáº¥u nháº¯c phá»¥. PWD TÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n Ä‘áº§y Ä‘á»§ cá»§a thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n táº¡i. SHELLOPTS Danh sÃ¡ch tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c báºt cÃ¡ch nhau báº±ng dáº¥u hai cháº¥m. TERM TÃªn kiá»ƒu thiáº¿t bá»‹ cuá»‘i hiá»‡n thá»i. TIMEFORMAT Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng káº¿t xuáº¥t cho thá»‘ng kÃª thá»i gian cá»§a lá»‡nh â€œtimeâ€. auto_resume GiÃ¡ trá»‹ khÃ¡c rá»—ng thÃ¬ trÆ°á»›c tiÃªn tÃ¬m má»™t tá»« lá»‡nh xuáº¥t hiá»‡n má»™t mÃ¬nh trÃªn má»™t dÃ²ng, trong danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c cÃ´ng viá»‡c bá»‹ dá»«ng cháº¡y. TÃ¬m ra thÃ¬ Ä‘áº·t cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Ã³ vÃ o ná»n trÆ°á»›c. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ â€œexactâ€ cÃ³ nghÄ©a lÃ tá»« lá»‡nh pháº£i tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng chÃnh xÃ¡c vá»›i má»™t cÃ¢u lá»‡nh trong danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c cÃ´ng viá»‡c bá»‹ dá»«ng cháº¡y. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ â€œsubstringâ€ cÃ³ nghÄ©a lÃ tá»« lá»‡nh pháº£i tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i má»™t chuá»—i phá»¥ cá»§a cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Ã³. histchars CÃ¡c kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn bung vÃ thay tháº¿ lá»‹ch sá». KÃ½ tá»± Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn thÆ°á»ng lÃ kÃ½ tá»± thay tháº¿ lá»‹ch sá», thÆ°á»ng lÃ â€œ!â€. KÃ½ tá»± thá»© hai lÃ kÃ½ tá»± thay tháº¿ nhanh, thÆ°á»ng lÃ â€œ^â€. KÃ½ tá»± thá»© ba lÃ kÃ½ tá»± ghi chÃº vá» lá»‹ch sá», thÆ°á»ng lÃ â€œ#â€. HISTIGNORE Danh sÃ¡ch máº«u cÃ¡ch báº±ng dáº¥u hai cháº¥m dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ quyáº¿t Ä‘á»‹nh nhá»¯ng cÃ¢u lá»‡nh nÃ o nÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c lÆ°u vÃ o danh sÃ¡ch lá»‹ch sá». Tiáº¿p tá»¥cÄá»‹nh nghÄ©a biáº¿n cá»¥c bá»™. Táº¡o biáº¿n cá»¥c bá»™ tÃªn TÃŠN vÃ gÃ¡n GIÃ-TRá»Š cho nÃ³. TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN cÃ³ thá»ƒ lÃ báº¥t cá»© tÃ¹y chá»n nÃ o â€œdeclareâ€ cháº¥p nháºn. Biáº¿n cá»¥c bá»™ chá»‰ dÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c bÃªn trong hÃ m, chá»‰ truy cáºp Ä‘Æ°á»£c tá»« hÃ m mÃ biáº¿n Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a vÃ cÃ¡c hÃ m con. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay gáº·p lá»—i, hoáº·c náº¿u há»‡ vá» khÃ´ng cháº¡y hÃ m.Äá»‹nh nghÄ©a hoáº·c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ bÃ danh. KhÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thÃ¬ â€œaliasâ€ in danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c bÃ danh á»Ÿ dáº¡ng dÃ¹ng láº¡i Ä‘Æ°á»£c â€œalias TÃŠN=GIÃ-TRá»Šâ€ trÃªn Ä‘áº§u ra chuáº©n. Náº¿u khÃ´ng thÃ¬ má»™t bÃ danh Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a cho má»—i TÃŠN theo giÃ¡ trá»‹ Ä‘Æ°a ra. Khoáº£ng tráº¯ng á»Ÿ Ä‘Ã¢u trong GIÃ-TRá»Š lÃ m kiá»ƒm tra thay tháº¿ bÃ danh cho tá»« káº¿ tiáº¿p, khi phÃ¢n giáº£i bÃ danh. TÃ¹y chá»n: -p in táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c bÃ danh Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng cÃ³ thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng láº¡i Ä‘Æ°á»£c Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: alias tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi TÃŠN Ä‘Ã£ cho khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ má»™t bÃ danh Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©aÄá»‹nh nghÄ©a hÃ m há»‡ vá». Táº¡o hÃ m há»‡ vá» tÃªn TÃŠN. Khi Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i dÆ°á»›i dáº¡ng má»™t cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ¡n giáº£n, TÃŠN cháº¡y Lá»†NH trong ngá»¯ cáº£nh cá»§a há»‡ vá» gá»i. Khi TÃŠN Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i, cÃ¡c Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i cho hÃ m dáº¡ng $1â€¦$n, vÃ tÃªn hÃ m náº±m trong $FUNCNAME. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u TÃŠN khÃ´ng pháº£i chá»‰ Ä‘á»c.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c. Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘Æ°á»£c nhá»› hiá»‡n thá»i. CÃ¡c thÆ° má»¥c tÃ¬m tháº¥y chá»— cá»§a chÃºng trong danh sÃ¡ch vá»›i lá»‡nh â€œpushdâ€; báº¡n cÃ³ thá»ƒ láº¥y báº£n sao dá»± phÃ²ng thÃ´ng qua danh sÃ¡ch vá»›i lá»‡nh â€œpopdâ€. TÃ¹y chá»n: -c xÃ³a má»i pháº§n tá» trong ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c -l Ä‘á»«ng in phiÃªn báº£n thÆ° má»¥c cÃ³ dáº¥u ngÃ£ (tÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘á»‘i so vá»›i thÆ° má»¥c chÃnh cá»§a ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng) -p in ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c, má»—i dÃ²ng má»™t má»¥c -v in ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c, má»—i dÃ²ng má»™t má»¥c kÃ¨m vá»‹ trÃ trong ngÄƒn xáº¿p Äá»‘i sá»‘: +N hiá»ƒn thá»‹ má»¥c thá»© N báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« bÃªn trÃ¡i danh sÃ¡ch Ä‘Æ°á»£c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ báº±ng â€œdirsâ€ khi Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i mÃ khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n, báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng. -N hiá»ƒn thá»‹ má»¥c thá»© N báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« bÃªn pháº£i danh sÃ¡ch Ä‘Æ°á»£c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ báº±ng â€œdirsâ€ khi Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i mÃ khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n, báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ vá» thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay gáº·p lá»—i.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thÃ´ng tin vá» lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p. Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ báº£n tÃ³m táº¯t ngáº¯n vá» cÃ¡c cÃ¢u lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p. Náº¿u chá»‰ Ä‘á»‹nh MáºªU thÃ¬ in ra trá»£ giÃºp chi tiáº¿t vá» táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c cÃ¢u lá»‡nh tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i máº«u Ä‘Ã³; khÃ´ng thÃ¬ in ra danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c chá»§ Ä‘á» trá»£ giÃºp. TÃ¹y chá»n: -d xuáº¥t mÃ´ táº£ ngáº¯n vá» má»—i chá»§ Ä‘á» -m hiá»‡n cÃ¡ch dÃ¹ng theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng trang hÆ°á»›ng dáº«n (man) -s xuáº¥t chá»‰ má»™t báº£n tÃ³m táº¯t cÃ¡ch dÃ¹ng cho má»—i chá»§ Ä‘á» tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i MáºªU Äá»‘i sá»‘: MáºªU máº«u xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh má»™t chá»§ Ä‘á» trá»£ giÃºp Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u tÃ¬m Ä‘Æ°á»£c MáºªU vÃ khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thÃ´ng tin vá» kiá»ƒu cÃ¢u lá»‡nh. Äá»‘i vá»›i má»—i TÃŠN, chá»‰ ra cÃ¡ch thÃ´ng dá»‹ch lá»‡nh khi Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi theo tÃªn lá»‡nh. TÃ¹y chá»n: -a hiá»ƒn thá»‹ má»i vá»‹ trÃ chá»©a táºp tin thá»±c thi Ä‘Æ°á»£c cÃ³ TÃŠN; khÃ´ng Ä‘áº·t tÃ¹y chá»n â€œ-pâ€ thÃ¬ bao gá»“m cÃ¡c bÃ danh, lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p vÃ hÃ m. -f ngÄƒn tra cá»©u hÃ m há»‡ vá» -P buá»™c tÃ¬m kiáº¿m PATH Ä‘á»‘i vá»›i má»—i TÃŠN, tháºm chÃ náº¿u nÃ³ lÃ bÃ danh, lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p hay hÃ m, vÃ tráº£ láº¡i tÃªn cá»§a táºp tin trÃªn Ä‘Ä©a mÃ sáº½ Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi -p tráº£ vá» hoáº·c tÃªn cá»§a táºp tin trÃªn Ä‘Ä©a mÃ sáº½ Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi, hoáº·c gÃ¬ cáº£ â€œtype -t TÃŠNâ€ sáº½ khÃ´ng tráº£ vá» â€œfileâ€ (táºp tin). -t xuáº¥t má»™t trong nhá»¯ng tá»« Ä‘Æ¡n â€œaliasâ€, â€œkeywordâ€, â€œfunctionâ€, â€œbuiltinâ€, â€œfileâ€ hoáº·c â€œâ€, náº¿u TÃŠN tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng lÃ bÃ danh, tá»« khÃ³a,hÃ m, lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» tÃch há»£p, táºp tin trÃªn Ä‘Ä©a, hoáº·c khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y. Äá»‘i sá»‘: TÃŠN tÃªn cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cáº§n giáº£i thÃch. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u tÃ¬m tháº¥y táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c TÃŠN; bá»‹ lá»—i náº¿u khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ hoáº·c thá»±c thi lá»‡nh tá»« lá»‹ch sá». fc Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ liá»‡t kÃª, chá»‰nh sá»a vÃ thá»±c thi láº¡i lá»‡nh tá»« danh sÃ¡ch lá»‹ch sá». Äáº¦U vÃ CUá»I cÃ³ thá»ƒ lÃ sá»‘ xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh pháº¡m vi, hoáº·c Äáº¦U cÃ³ thá»ƒ lÃ chuá»—i chá»©a pháº§n Ä‘áº§u lá»‡nh cháº¡y gáº§n Ä‘Ã¢y nháº¥t. TÃ¹y chá»n: -e ENAME chá»n trÃ¬nh soáº¡n tháº£o nÃ o cáº§n dÃ¹ng. Máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ FCEDIT, sau Ä‘Ã³ lÃ EDITOR, rá»“i Ä‘áº¿n vi -l liá»‡t kÃª thay vÃ¬ chá»‰nh sá»a -n liá»‡t kÃª khÃ´ng in sá»‘ thá»© tá»± dÃ²ng -r Ä‘áº£o ngÆ°á»£c thá»© tá»± cÃ¡c dÃ²ng (má»›i nháº¥t trÆ°á»›c) Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng â€œfc -s [máº«u=láº§n_láºp_láº¡i â€¦] [lá»‡nh]â€ Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ cháº¡y láº¡i lá»‡nh sau khi thay tháº¿ CÅ¨=Má»šI. Má»™t bÃ danh há»¯u Ãch lÃ r=".c -s" Ä‘á»ƒ cÃ³ thá»ƒ gÃµ â€œr ccâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ cháº¡y lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng báº¯t Ä‘áº§u báº±ng â€œccâ€ vÃ gÃµ â€œrâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ cháº¡y láº¡i lá»‡nh cuá»‘i. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng hay tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi; gáº·p lá»—i thÃ¬ khÃ¡c sá»‘ khÃ´ng.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ hoáº·c Ä‘áº·t máº·t náº¡ cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ táºp tin. Äáº·t máº·t náº¡ táº¡o táºp tin cá»§a ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng thÃ nh CHáº¾_Äá»˜. KhÃ´ng tham sá»‘ thÃ¬ in cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ hiá»‡n thá»i. Náº¿u CHáº¾_Äá»˜ báº¯t Ä‘áº§u báº±ng chá»¯ sá»‘ thÃ¬ hiá»ƒu lÃ sá»‘ bÃ¡t phÃ¢n; khÃ´ng thÃ¬ nÃ³ lÃ chuá»—i cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ kÃ½ hiá»‡u Ä‘Æ°á»£c chmod(1) cháº¥p nháºn. TÃ¹y chá»n: -p khÃ´ng cÃ³ CHáº¾_Äá»˜ thÃ¬ xuáº¥t theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng dÃ¹ng láº¡i lÃ m dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘áº§u vÃ o -S in káº¿t xuáº¥t kÃ½ hiá»‡u thay vÃ¬ bÃ¡t phÃ¢n Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ CHáº¾_Äá»˜ sai hay tÃ¹y chá»n sai.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ tá»« gá»£i Ã½ cÃ³ thá»ƒ phá»¥ thuá»™c vÃ o cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n. Dá»± Ä‘á»‹nh dÃ¹ng tá»« bÃªn trong má»™t chá»©c nÄƒng há»‡ vá» mÃ táº¡o cÃ¡c viá»‡c tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n cÃ³ thá»ƒ lÃ m. Náº¿u Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Tá»ª váº«n tÃ¹y chá»n, thÃ¬ táº¡o cÃ¡c káº¿t quáº£ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i Tá»ª. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay gáº·p lá»—i.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thá»i lÆ°á»£ng cháº¡y tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh. In thá»i lÆ°á»£ng cháº¡y á»Ÿ má»©c ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng vÃ há»‡ thá»‘ng cá»§a há»‡ vá» vÃ cÃ¡c tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: LÃºc nÃ o cÅ©ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ´ng viá»‡c. Liá»‡t kÃª cÃ¡c cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘ang cháº¡y. Äáº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c ÄTCV háº¡n cháº¿ chá»‰ hiá»‡n cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Ã³ thÃ´i. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ tÃ¹y chá»n thÃ¬ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a má»i cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘ang cháº¡y. TÃ¹y chá»n: -l liá»‡t kÃª mÃ£ sá»‘ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh ngoÃ i thÃ´ng tin bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng -n liá»‡t kÃª chá»‰ nhá»¯ng tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh Ä‘Ã£ thay Ä‘á»•i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i ká»ƒ tá»« láº§n thÃ´ng bÃ¡o cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng -s chá»‰ hiá»‡n nhá»¯ng cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘ang dá»«ng cháº¡y Náº¿u cÃ³ â€œ-xâ€ thÃ¬ cháº¡y Lá»†NH sau khi thay tháº¿ táº¥t cáº£ Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c trÃªn Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ báº±ng mÃ£ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh cá»§a trÃ¬nh dáº«n Ä‘áº§u nhÃ³m tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh cá»§a cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Ã³. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng gáº·p tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay gáº·p lá»—i. ÄÆ°a ra â€œ-xâ€ thÃ¬ tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t cá»§a Lá»†NH.Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘Æ°á»£c nhá»› hiá»‡n thá»i. Lá»‡nh â€œpushdâ€ thÃªm thÆ° má»¥c vÃ o danh sÃ¡ch nÃ y. â€œpopdâ€ láº¥y thÆ° má»¥c khá»i danh sÃ¡ch. TÃ¹y chá»n: -c xÃ³a má»i pháº§n tá» trong ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c -l khÃ´ng in phiÃªn báº£n thÆ° má»¥c cÃ³ dáº¥u ngÃ£ náº±m trÆ°á»›c mÃ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i thÆ° má»¥c chÃnh cá»§a ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng -p in ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c má»—i dÃ²ng má»™t má»¥c -v in ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c má»—i dÃ²ng má»™t má»¥c kÃ¨m vá»‹ trÃ trong ngÄƒn xáº¿p Äá»‘i sá»‘: +N hiá»ƒn thá»‹ má»¥c thá»© N Ä‘áº¿m tá»« bÃªn trÃ¡i khi gá»i khÃ´ng tÃ¹y chá»n, báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng. -N hiá»ƒn thá»‹ má»¥c thá»© N Ä‘áº¿m tá»« bÃªn pháº£i khi gá»i khÃ´ng tÃ¹y chá»n, báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng.XongXong(%d)CÃ¢u lá»‡nh EMTBáºt vÃ táº¯t lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» tÃch há»£p. Báºt vÃ táº¯t cÃ¡c lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» tÃch há»£p. Chá»©c nÄƒng táº¯t cho phÃ©p báº¡n cháº¡y má»™t lá»‡nh trÃªn Ä‘Ä©a cÃ¹ng tÃªn vá»›i má»™t lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» tÃch há»£p mÃ khÃ´ng cáº§n dÃ¹ng tÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n Ä‘áº§y Ä‘á»§. TÃ¹y chá»n: -a in danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p kÃ¨m tráº¡ng thÃ¡i báºt/táº¯t -n táº¯t TÃŠN hoáº·c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ danh sÃ¡ch lá»‡nh bá»‹ táº¯t -p in danh sÃ¡ch lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng dÃ¹ng láº¡i Ä‘Æ°á»£c -s chá»‰ in tÃªn cÃ¡c lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p Posix â€œÄ‘áº·c biá»‡tâ€ TÃ¹y chá»n Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn chá»©c nÄƒng táº£i Ä‘á»™ng: -f náº¡p lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p TÃŠN tá»« Táº¬P-TIN -d bá» má»™t tÃch há»£p Ä‘Æ°á»£c náº¡p báº±ng â€œ-fâ€ KhÃ´ng cÃ³ tÃ¹y chá»n thÃ¬ coi nhÆ° báºt TÃŠN. Äá»ƒ sá» dá»¥ng lá»‡nh â€œtestâ€ trÃªn Ä‘Ä©a (náº¿u tÃ¬m tháº¥y trong $PATH) thay cho phiÃªn báº£n há»‡ vá» tÃch há»£p, gÃµ â€œenable -n testâ€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi TÃŠN khÃ´ng pháº£i lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p hoáº·c gáº·p lá»—i.Äá»‹nh giÃ¡ biá»ƒu thá»©c sá»‘ há»c. BTHá»¨C Ä‘Æ°á»£c tÃnh tÃ¹y theo cÃ¡c quy táº¯c vá» Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ sá»‘ há»c. TÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘Æ°Æ¡ng vá»›i â€œlet BTHá»¨Câ€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i 1 náº¿u BTHá»¨C tÃnh lÃ 0; khÃ´ng thÃ¬ tráº£ láº¡i 0.Äá»‹nh giÃ¡ biá»ƒu thá»©c sá»‘ há»c. Äá»‹nh giÃ¡ má»—i Äá»I-Sá» dáº¡ng biá»ƒu thá»©c sá»‘ há»c. Äá»‹nh giÃ¡ theo sá»‘ nguyÃªn cÃ³ giá»›i háº¡n, khÃ´ng kiá»ƒm tra trÃ n sá»‘, máº·c dÃ¹ cÃ³ báº«y chia cho khÃ´ng vÃ báºt cá» lá»—i. Danh sÃ¡ch toÃ¡n tá» bÃªn dÆ°á»›i Ä‘Æ°á»£c nhÃ³m theo nhÃ³m Ä‘á»™ Æ°u tiÃªn ngang hÃ ng. Danh sÃ¡ch theo Ä‘á»™ Æ°u tiÃªn giáº£m dáº§n. id++, id-- tiá»n tiá»n/giáº£m ++id, --id háºu gia/giáº£m -, + trá»«, cá»™ng (dáº¥u) !, ~ phá»§ Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ´gÃc vÃ trÃªn bit ** sá»‘ mÅ© *, /, % nhÃ¢n, chia, sá»‘ dÆ° +, - cá»™ng, trá»« <<, >> dá»‹ch bit trÃ¡i/pháº£i <=, >=, <, > so sÃ¡nh ==, != báº±ng, khÃ´ng báº±ng & phÃ©p AND trÃªn bit ^ phÃ©p XOR trÃªn bit | phÃ©p OR trÃªn bit && phÃ©p AND lÃ´gÃc || phÃ©p OR lÃ´gÃc BTHá»¨C ? BTHá»¨C : BTHá»¨C toÃ¡n tá»« Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |= phÃ©p gÃ¡n Biáº¿n há»‡ vá» cÃ³ thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng lÃ m toÃ¡n háº¡ng. TÃªn biáº¿n Ä‘Æ°á»£c thay tháº¿ báº±ng giÃ¡ trá»‹ biáº¿n (chuyá»ƒn thÃ nh sá»‘ nguyÃªn) trong biá»ƒu thá»©c. Biáº¿n khÃ´ng cáº§n cÃ³ thuá»™c tÃnh sá»‘ nguyÃªn Ä‘á»ƒ dÃ¹ng lÃ m biá»ƒu thá»©c. CÃ¡c toÃ¡n tá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ theo thá»© tá»± Æ°u tiÃªn. CÃ¡c biá»ƒu thá»©c con náº±m trong dáº¥u ngoáº·c Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ trÆ°á»›c tiÃªn, vÃ cÃ³ quyá»n cao hÆ¡n cÃ¡c quy táº¯c Ä‘i trÆ°á»›c bÃªn trÃªn. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Náº¿u Äá»I-Sá» cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ thÃ nh 0 thÃ¬ tráº£ vá» 1; khÃ´ng thÃ¬ tráº£ vá» 0.Äá»‹nh giÃ¡ biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n. ThoÃ¡t vá»›i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i 0 (Ä‘Ãºng) hoáº·c 1 (sai), tÃ¹y káº¿t quáº£ Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ BTHá»¨C. Biá»ƒu thá»©c cÃ³ thá»ƒ kiá»ƒu má»™t ngÃ´i hoáº·c hai ngÃ´i. Biá»ƒu thá»©c má»™t ngÃ´i thÆ°á»ng dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ kiá»ƒm tra tráº¡ng thÃ¡i táºp tin. NgoÃ i ra cÃ²n cÃ³ toÃ¡n tá» chuá»—i vÃ so sÃ¡nh sá»‘. HÃ nh vi cá»§a lá»‡nh test phá»¥ thuá»™c vÃ o sá»‘ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘. Äá»c sá»• tay hÆ°á»›ng dáº«n cá»§a bash Ä‘á»ƒ cÃ³ mÃ´ táº£ Ä‘áº§y Ä‘á»§. ToÃ¡n tá» táºp tin: -a Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin tá»“n táº¡i. -b Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ biá»‡t khá»‘i. -c Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ Ä‘áº·c biá»‡t kÃ½ tá»±. -d Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ thÆ° má»¥c. -e Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin tá»“n táº¡i. -f Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin tá»“n táº¡i vÃ lÃ táºp tin thÆ°á»ng -g Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ set-group-id. -h Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ liÃªn káº¿t má»m. -L Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ liÃªn káº¿t má»m. -k Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin cÃ³ bit â€œstickyâ€. -p Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ á»‘ng dáº«n cÃ³ tÃªn. -r Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin báº¡n Ä‘á»c Ä‘Æ°á»£c. -s Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin tá»“n táº¡i vÃ khÃ´ng rá»—ng. -S Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ socket. -t FD ÄÃºng náº¿u FD Ä‘Æ°á»£c má»Ÿ trÃªn thiáº¿t bá»‹ cuá»‘i. -u Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin lÃ set-user-id. -w Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin ghi Ä‘Æ°á»£c (bá»Ÿi báº¡n). -x Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin cháº¡y Ä‘Æ°á»£c (bá»Ÿi báº¡n). -O Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin thá»±c táº¿ Ä‘Æ°á»£c báº¡n sá»Ÿ há»¯u. -G Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin thá»±c táº¿ Ä‘Æ°á»£c nhÃ³m cá»§a báº¡n sá»Ÿ há»¯u. -N Táº¬P-TIN ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin Ä‘Ã£ bá»‹ sá»a Ä‘á»•i tá»« láº§n Ä‘á»c cuá»‘i. Táº¬P-TIN1 -nt Táº¬P-TIN2 ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin 1 má»›i hÆ¡n táºp tin 2 (dá»±a theo ngÃ y sá»a Ä‘á»•i) Táº¬P-TIN1 -ot Táº¬P-TIN2 ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin 1 cÅ© hÆ¡n táºp tin 2. Táº¬P-TIN1 -ef Táº¬P-TIN2 ÄÃºng náº¿u táºp tin 1 lÃ liÃªn káº¿t cá»©ng tá»›i táºp tin 2. ToÃ¡n tá» chuá»—i: -z CHUá»–I ÄÃºng náº¿u chuá»—i rá»—ng. -n CHUá»–I CHUá»–I ÄÃºng náº¿u chuá»—i khÃ¡c rá»—ng. CHUá»–I1 = CHUá»–I2 ÄÃºng náº¿u hai chuá»—i báº±ng nhau. CHUá»–I1 != CHUá»–I2 ÄÃºng náº¿u hai chuá»—i khÃ¡c nhau. CHUá»–I1 < CHUá»–I2 ÄÃºng náº¿u CHUá»–I1 xáº¿p trÆ°á»›c CHUá»–I2 theo thá»© tá»± tá»« Ä‘iá»ƒn. CHUá»–I1 > CHUá»–I2 ÄÃºng náº¿u CHUá»–I1 xáº¿p sau CHUá»–I2 theo thá»© tá»± tá»« Ä‘iá»ƒn. ToÃ¡n tá» khÃ¡c: -o TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN ÄÃºng náº¿u tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c báºt. -v BIáº¾N ÄÃºng náº¿u BIáº¾N há»‡ vá» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t -R BIáº¾N ÄÃºng náº¿u BIáº¾N há»‡ vá» nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t lÃ tham chiáº¿u tÃªn. ! BTHá»¨C ÄÃºng náº¿u biá»ƒu thá»©c nÃ y khÃ´ng Ä‘Ãºng. BTHá»¨C1 -a BTHá»¨C2 ÄÃºng náº¿u cáº£ hai biá»ƒu thá»©c lÃ Ä‘Ãºng. BTHá»¨C1 -o BTHá»¨C2 ÄÃºng náº¿u má»™t hoáº·c hai biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘Ãºng. Äá»I-Sá»1 OP Äá»I-Sá»2 PhÃ©p thá» sá»‘ há»c. OP (toÃ¡n tá») lÃ má»™t trong -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge. PhÃ©p toÃ¡n sá»‘ há»c hai ngÃ´i tráº£ vá» Ä‘Ãºng náº¿u Äá»I-Sá»1 báº±ng, khÃ¡c, nhá» hÆ¡n, nhá» hÆ¡n hoáº·c báº±ng, lá»›n hÆ¡n, lá»›n hÆ¡n hoáº·c báº±ng Äá»I-Sá»2. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u BTHá»¨C Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ lÃ ÄÃºng; khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u BTHá»¨C Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ thÃ nh Sai hay Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»‰ ra sai.Äá»‹nh giÃ¡ biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n. Lá»‡nh nÃ y cÃ¹ng chá»©c nÄƒng lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p "test", nhÆ°ng Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng pháº£i lÃ kÃ½ tá»± â€œ]â€ Ä‘á»ƒ khá»›p vá»›i â€œ[â€ á»Ÿ Ä‘áº§u.Thá»±c thi má»™t lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ¡n giáº£n, hoáº·c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thÃ´ng tin vá» lá»‡nh. Cháº¡y Lá»†NH vá»›i cÃ¡c Äá»I-Sá» mÃ khÃ´ng thá»±c hiá»‡n tra cá»©u hÃ m há»‡ vá», hoáº·c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thÃ´ng tin vá» Lá»†NH. CÃ³ thá»ƒ Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ gá»i lá»‡nh trÃªn Ä‘Ä©a khi Ä‘Ã£ cÃ³ hÃ m cÃ¹ng tÃªn. TÃ¹y chá»n: -p dÃ¹ng giÃ¡ trá»‹ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh cho ÄÆ¯á»œNG_DáºªN mÃ cháº¯c cháº¯n sáº½ tÃ¬m má»i tiá»‡n Ãch chuáº©n -v in mÃ´ táº£ vá» Lá»†NH mÃ tÆ°Æ¡ng tá»± nhÆ° lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p â€œtypeâ€ -V in mÃ´ táº£ chi tiáº¿t hÆ¡n cá»§a má»—i Lá»†NH Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t cá»§a Lá»†NH, hoáº·c tháº¥t báº¡i náº¿u khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y Lá»†NH.DÃ¹ng cÃ¡c Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Ä‘á»ƒ cháº¡y lá»‡nh há»‡ vá». Gá»™p cÃ¡c Äá»I-Sá» thÃ nh má»™t chuá»—i Ä‘Æ¡n, dÃ¹ng káº¿t quáº£ lÃ m Ä‘áº§u vÃ o cho há»‡ vá» vÃ cháº¡y lá»‡nh Ä‘Ã³. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh hay thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u lá»‡nh rá»—ng.Thá»±c thi lá»‡nh chá»«ng nÃ o phÃ©p thá» váº«n khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng. Khai triá»ƒn vÃ thá»±c thi CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH chá»«ng nÃ o lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng trong â€œuntilâ€ Lá»†NH cÃ³ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ khÃ¡c khÃ´ng. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Thá»±c thi lá»‡nh chá»«ng nÃ o phÃ©p thá» cÃ²n thÃ nh cÃ´ng. Khai triá»ƒn vÃ thá»±c thi CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH chá»«ng nÃ o lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng trong â€œwhileâ€ Lá»†NH cÃ³ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ khÃ´ng. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Thá»±c thi cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cÃ³ Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n. Danh sÃ¡ch â€œif CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NHâ€ Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi. Náº¿u tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ khÃ´ng, thÃ¬ thá»±c thi danh sÃ¡ch â€œthen Lá»†NHâ€. KhÃ´ng thÃ¬ thá»±c thi láº§n lÆ°á»£t má»—i danh sÃ¡ch â€œelif Lá»†NHâ€. vÃ náº¿u tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ khÃ´ng, thÃ¬ thá»±c thi danh sÃ¡ch â€œthen Lá»†NHâ€ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vÃ hoÃ n táº¥t lá»‡nh â€œifâ€. KhÃ´ng thÃ¬ thá»±c thi danh sÃ¡ch â€œelse Lá»†NHâ€ náº¿u cÃ³. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t cá»§a toÃ n bá»™ lá»‡nh â€œifâ€ lÃ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y, hoáº·c khÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n nÃ o tráº£ vá» káº¿t quáº£ lÃ Ä‘Ãºng. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Thá»±c thi lá»‡nh chá»n theo máº«u. Thá»±c thi Lá»†NH má»™t cÃ¡ch chá»n dá»±a vÃ o Tá»ª tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i MáºªU. Nhiá»u máº«u cÃ¡ch nhau báº±ng â€œ|â€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Thá»±c thi lá»‡nh cho tá»«ng pháº§n tá» náº±m trong danh sÃ¡ch. VÃ²ng láº·p â€œforâ€ thá»±c thi lá»‡nh cho tá»«ng pháº§n tá» náº±m trong danh sÃ¡ch. KhÃ´ng ghi â€œin Tá»ª â€¦â€ thÃ¬ ngáº§m Ä‘á»‹nh â€œin "$@"â€. Äá»‘i vá»›i má»—i pháº§n tá» trong danh sÃ¡ch, Ä‘áº·t giÃ¡ trá»‹ pháº§n tá» Ä‘Ã³ cho biáº¿n TÃŠN rá»“i thá»±c thi CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Thá»±c thi lá»‡nh tá»« táºp tin trong há»‡ vá» hiá»‡n táº¡i. Äá»c vÃ thá»±c thi lá»‡nh tá»« Táº¬P-TIN trong há»‡ vá» Ä‘ang cháº¡y. $PATH Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ tÃ¬m thÆ° má»¥c chá»©a táºp tin nÃ y. Náº¿u cÃ³ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thÃ¬ má»—i Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ trá»Ÿ thÃ nh tham sá»‘ vá»‹ trÃ khi Táº¬P-TIN Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi trong Táº¬P-TIN; khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng thá»ƒ Ä‘á»c Táº¬P-TIN.Thá»±c thi cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cÃ³ Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n. Tráº£ vá» tráº¡ng thÃ¡i 0 hoáº·c 1 tÃ¹y vÃ o phÃ©p tÃnh biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n BTHá»¨C. Biá»ƒu thá»©c bao gá»“m cÃ¡c thÃ nh pháº§n dÃ¹ng trong lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p â€œtestâ€ vÃ cÃ³ thá»ƒ Ä‘Æ°á»£c tá»• há»£p báº±ng cÃ¡c toÃ¡n tá» sau: ( BTHá»¨C ) Tráº£ vá» giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a BTHá»¨C ! BTHá»¨C ÄÃºng náº¿u BTHá»¨C lÃ khÃ´ng Ä‘Ãºng. NgÆ°á»£c láº¡i sai BTHá»¨C1 && BTHá»¨C2 ÄÃºng náº¿u cáº£ hai biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘á»u Ä‘Ãºng. NgÆ°á»£c láº¡i sai. BTHá»¨C1 || BTHá»¨C2 ÄÃºng náº¿u má»™t trong hai biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘Ãºng. NgÆ°á»£c láº¡i sai. Khi dÃ¹ng toÃ¡n tá»« â€œ==â€ vÃ â€œ!=â€, chuá»—i bÃªn pháº£i toÃ¡n tá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng lÃ m máº«u, vÃ thá»±c hiá»‡n khá»›p máº«u. Khi dÃ¹ng toÃ¡n tá» â€œ=~â€, chuá»—i bÃªn pháº£i toÃ¡n tá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng lÃ m biá»ƒu thá»©c chÃnh quy. ToÃ¡n tá» â€œ&&â€ vÃ â€œ||â€ khÃ´ng tÃnh BTHá»¨C2 náº¿u BTHá»¨C1 Ä‘á»§ Ä‘á»ƒ xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ trá»‹ toÃ n biá»ƒu thá»©c. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: 0 hay 1 phá»¥ thuá»™c vÃ o giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a BTHá»¨C.Cháº¡y lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p há»‡ vá». Cháº¡y SHELL-BUILTIN vá»›i Äá»I-Sá» mÃ khÃ´ng thá»±c hiá»‡n tÃ¬m lá»‡nh. Há»¯u Ãch khi báº¡n muá»‘n cÃ i Ä‘áº·t láº¡i lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» tÃch há»£p dáº¡ng hÃ m há»‡ vá», nhÆ°ng cáº§n cháº¡y lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p trong hÃ m Ä‘Ã³. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t cá»§a SHELL-BUILTIN, hoáº·c sai náº¿u SHELL-BUILTIN khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ má»™t lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p há»‡ vá».ThoÃ¡t %dThoÃ¡t há»‡ vá» Ä‘Äƒng nháºp. ThoÃ¡t khá»i há»‡ vá» Ä‘Äƒng nháºp vá»›i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i N. Tráº£ vá» lá»—i náº¿u khÃ´ng pháº£i há»‡ vá» Ä‘Äƒng nháºp.ThoÃ¡t khá»i vÃ²ng láº·p for, while hoáº·c until. ThoÃ¡t khá»i vÃ²ng láº·p for, while hoáº·c until. Náº¿u xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh N thÃ¬ thoÃ¡t N vÃ²ng láº·p. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ 0 trá»« khi N nhá» hÆ¡n 1.ThoÃ¡t há»‡ vá». ThoÃ¡t khá»i há»‡ vá» vá»›i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i N. KhÃ´ng xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh N thÃ¬ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Giá»›i háº¡n táºp tinLá»—i dáº¥u cháº¥m Ä‘á»™ngÄá»‹nh dáº¡ng vÃ in Äá»I-Sá» theo Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn cá»§a Äá»ŠNH_Dáº NG. TÃ¹y chá»n: -v BIáº¾N gÃ¡n káº¿t xuáº¥t cho biáº¿n há»‡ vá» nÃ y thay vÃ¬ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ nÃ³ trÃªn Ä‘áº§u ra chuáº©n Äá»ŠNH_Dáº NG lÃ chuá»—i kÃ½ tá»± mÃ chá»©a ba kiá»ƒu Ä‘á»‘i tÆ°á»£ng: kÃ½ tá»± bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng, cÃ¡i nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c chÃ©p ra Ä‘áº§u ra chuáº©n; dÃ£y kÃ½ tá»± thoÃ¡t, dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i sau Ä‘Ã³ sao chÃ©p sang Ä‘áº§u ra chuáº©n; vÃ cÃ¡c kÃ½ hiá»‡u Ä‘áº·c táº£ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng, má»—i Ä‘áº·c táº£ nÃ y tÃ¡c Ä‘á»™ng lÃªn Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng. NgoÃ i Ä‘áº·c táº£ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng chuáº©n Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng trong printf(1) vÃ printf(3), printf Ä‘Æ°á»£c hiá»ƒu nhá»¯ng Ä‘áº·c táº£ sau: %b khai triá»ƒn dÃ£y thoÃ¡t gáº¡ch chÃ©o ngÆ°á»£c trong Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng %q trÃch dáº«n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ theo cÃ¡ch dÃ¹ng láº¡i lÃ m dá»¯ liá»‡u Ä‘áº§u vÃ o há»‡ vá» %(fmt)T xuáº¥t chuá»—i ngÃ y thÃ¡ng theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng FMT tá»« strftime(3) Äá»‹nh dáº¡ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng láº¡i Ä‘á»ƒ cÃ³ thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng háº¿t Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘. Náº¿u á»Ÿ Ä‘Ã¢y cÃ³ Ãt Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ hÆ¡n yÃªu cáº§u cá»§a Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng, Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng thá»«a Ä‘Ã³ Ä‘Æ°á»£c xá» lÃ½ theo cÃ¡ch lÃ sáº½ cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹ báº±ng sá»‘ khÃ´ng hay chuá»—i rá»—ng, Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ã¡p dá»¥ng. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« phi Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay gáº·p lá»—i khi ghi hay gÃ¡n.GNU bash, phiÃªn báº£n %s (%s) GNU bash, phiÃªn báº£n %s-(%s) TÃ¹y chá»n dÃ i: Trá»£ giÃºp chung vá» cÃ¡ch sá» dá»¥ng pháº§n má»m GNU : NhÃ³m lá»‡nh lÃ m má»™t Ä‘Æ¡n vá»‹. Cháº¡y táºp há»£p cÃ¡c lá»‡nh trong cÃ¹ng má»™t nhÃ³m. ÄÃ¢y lÃ má»™t cÃ¡ch Ä‘á»ƒ chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng toÃ n bá»™ má»™t nhÃ³m lá»‡nh. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp HFT bá»‹ hoÃ£nCÃ³ cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ mÃ n hÃ¬nh HFTKhÃ´ng cÃ³ cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ mÃ n hÃ¬nh HFTÄÃ£ hoÃ n thÃ nh chuá»—i Ã¢m thanh HFTChÆ°a Ä‘áº·t biáº¿n mÃ´i trÆ°á»ng HOMETreoKhÃ´ng cÃ³ tÃªn!I/O sáºµn sÃ ngTHBÃO:CÃ¢u lá»‡nh khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ©pyÃªu cáº§u thÃ´ng tinNgáº¯tBá»‹ giáº¿tGiáº¥y phÃ©p GPLv3+: GNU GPL phiÃªn báº£n 3 hoáº·c má»›i hÆ¡n ÄÃ¡nh dáº¥u biáº¿n há»‡ vá» lÃ khÃ´ng thá»ƒ thay Ä‘á»•i. ÄÃ¡nh dáº¥u TÃŠN lÃ chá»‰ Ä‘á»c; giÃ¡ trá»‹ nhá»¯ng TÃŠN nÃ y khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c thay Ä‘á»•i trong cÃ¡c phÃ©p gÃ¡n sau. Náº¿u cÃ³ GIÃ-TRá»Š thÃ¬ gÃ¡n GIÃ-TRá»Š trÆ°á»›c khi Ä‘Ã¡nh dáº¥u lÃ chá»‰ Ä‘á»c. TÃ¹y chá»n: -a tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n biáº¿n kiá»ƒu máº£ng chá»‰ sá»‘ -A tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n biáº¿n kiá»ƒu máº£ng káº¿t há»£p -f tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n hÃ m há»‡ vá» -p hiá»ƒn thá»‹ danh sÃ¡ch biáº¿n vÃ hÃ m chá»‰ Ä‘á»c, tÃ¹y thuá»™c vÃ o cÃ³ tÃ¹y chá»n -f hay khÃ´ng Äá»‘i sá»‘ â€œ--â€ ngá»«ng phÃ¢n tÃch tÃ¹y chá»n cho cÃ¡c tham sá»‘ cÃ²n láº¡i. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay TÃŠN khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡.Sá»a Ä‘á»•i hoáº·c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n. Sá»a Ä‘á»•i cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n Ä‘á»‘i vá»›i má»—i TÃŠN, hoáº·c náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra TÃŠN thÃ¬ chá»©c nÄƒng tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n hiá»‡n táº¡i sáº½ Ä‘Æ°á»£c thi hÃ nh, náº¿u khÃ´ng TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN Ä‘Æ°á»£c chá»‰ ra, in ra cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n cho má»—i TÃŠN hay cÃ¡c Ä‘áº·c tÃnh ká»¹ thuáºt hiá»‡n cÃ³ TÃ¹y chá»n: -o tÃ¹y_chá»n Ä‘áº·t TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n nÃ y Ä‘á»‘i vá»›i má»—i TÃŠN -D Sá»a TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN vá» tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n lá»‡nh â€œdefaultâ€ -E Sá»a TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN vá» tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n lá»‡nh â€œemptyâ€ DÃ¹ng â€œ+oâ€ thay cho â€œ-oâ€ thÃ¬ táº¯t tÃ¹y chá»n Ä‘Æ°a ra. Äá»‘i sá»‘: Má»—i TÃŠN tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n má»™t cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cho Ä‘Ã³ má»™t Ä‘áº·c táº£ tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh trÆ°á»›c dÃ¹ng tÃch há»£p â€œcompleteâ€. Náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra TÃŠN Ä‘á»ƒ Ã¡p dá»¥ng, thÃ¬ â€œcompoptâ€ pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i bá»Ÿi má»™t hÃ m Ä‘ang táº¡o viá»‡c tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n, vÃ cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n vá» hÃ m táº¡o viá»‡c tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n Ä‘ang cháº¡y cÅ©ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c sá»a Ä‘á»•i. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« phi Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai, hoáº·c TÃŠN cÃ³ má»™t Ä‘áº·c táº£ tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n Ä‘Æ°á»£c xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh.Sá»a Ä‘á»•i giá»›i háº¡n tÃ i nguyÃªn há»‡ vá». Äiá»u khiá»ƒn tÃ i nguyÃªn sáºµn cÃ³ cá»§a há»‡ vá» vÃ cÃ¡c tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh nÃ³ táº¡o ra, trÃªn há»‡ thá»‘ng há»— trá»£ Ä‘iá»ƒu khiá»ƒn tÃ i nguyÃªn nhÆ° váºy. TÃ¹y chá»n: -S dÃ¹ng giá»›i háº¡n tÃ i nguyÃªn â€œsoftâ€ (má»m) -H dÃ¹ng giá»›i háº¡n tÃ i nguyÃªn â€œhardâ€ (cá»©ng) -a thÃ´ng bÃ¡o má»i giá»›i háº¡n hiá»‡n thá»i -b kÃch cá»¡ cá»§a vÃ¹ng Ä‘á»‡m socket -c kÃch cá»¡ tá»‘i Ä‘a cá»§a táºp tin core Ä‘Æ°á»£c táº¡o -d kÃch cá»¡ tá»‘i Ä‘a cá»§a tá»«ng Ä‘oáº¡n dá»¯ liá»‡u cá»§a má»™t tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh -e má»©c Æ°u tiÃªn láºp lá»‹ch cao nháº¥t (â€œniceâ€) -f kÃch cá»¡ táºp tin tá»‘i Ä‘a Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi bá»Ÿi há»‡ vá» vÃ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con -i sá»‘ tÃn hiá»‡u bá»‹ hoÃ£n tá»‘i Ä‘a -k sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng kqueues Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ¢n bá»• tá»‘i Ä‘a cho tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh nÃ y -l kÃch cá»¡ tá»‘i Ä‘a mÃ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh cÃ³ thá»ƒ khÃ³a vÃ o bá»™ nhá»› -m kÃch cá»¡ táºp ná»™i trÃº (RSS) tá»‘i Ä‘a -n sá»‘ bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin tá»‘i Ä‘a Ä‘Æ°á»£c má»Ÿ -p kÃch thÆ°á»›c vÃ¹ng Ä‘á»‡m á»‘ng dáº«n -q sá»‘ byte tá»‘i Ä‘a trong hÃ ng Ä‘á»£i thÃ´ng Ä‘iá»‡p POSIX -r má»©c Æ°u láºp lá»‹ch thá»i gian thá»±c cao nháº¥t -s kÃch thÆ°á»›c ngÄƒn xáº¿p tá»‘i Ä‘a -t lÆ°á»£ng thá»i gian cpu tá»‘i Ä‘a theo giÃ¢y -u sá»‘ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng tá»‘i Ä‘a -v kÃch cá»¡ cá»§a bá»™ nhá»› áº£o -x sá»‘ khÃ³a táºp tin tá»‘i Ä‘a -P sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng thiáº¿t bá»‹ cuá»‘i áº£o tá»‘i Ä‘a -T sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng tuyáº¿n trÃ¬nh tá»‘i Ä‘a KhÃ´ng pháº£i táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c tÃ¹y-chá»n nÃ y Ä‘á»u sáºµn sÃ ng trÃªn má»i ná»n táº£ng. Náº¿u cÃ³ GIá»šI_Háº N thÃ¬ nÃ³ lÃ giÃ¡ trá»‹ má»›i cá»§a tÃ i nguyÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi. Ba giÃ¡ trá»‹ GIá»šI_Háº N Ä‘áº·c biá»‡t â€œsoftâ€, â€œhardâ€ vÃ â€œunlimitedâ€ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng lÃ giá»›i háº¡n má»m hiá»‡n táº¡i, giá»›i háº¡n cá»©ng hiá»‡n táº¡i vÃ khÃ´ng giá»›i háº¡n. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ thÃ¬ in giÃ¡ trá»‹ hiá»‡n thá»i cá»§a tÃ i nguyÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi. Ngáº§m Ä‘á»‹nh â€œ-fâ€ náº¿u khÃ´ng chá»‰ Ä‘á»‹nh tÃ¹y chá»n. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ tÃnh theo khá»‘i 1024 byte, trá»« -t tÃnh theo giÃ¢y, -p theo khá»‘i 512 byte vÃ -u theo sá»‘ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay cÃ³ lá»—i phÃ¡t sinh.NÃ¢ng cÃ´ng viá»‡c ná»n lÃªn trÆ°á»›c. NÃ¢ng lÃªn trÆ°á»›c cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a bá»Ÿi Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c ÄTCV lÃ m cÃ´ng viá»‡c hiá»‡n thá»i. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ ÄTCV thÃ¬ dÃ¹ng cÃ´ng viá»‡c hiá»‡n thá»i cá»§a há»‡ vá». Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c nÃ¢ng lÃªn trÆ°á»›c; hoáº·c tháº¥t báº¡i náº¿u xáº£y ra lá»—i.Chuyá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡c xuá»‘ng cháº¡y ná»n. Chuyá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a theo Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c ÄTCV sang cháº¡y ná»n, nhÆ° thá»ƒ lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y vá»›i â€œ&â€. Náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ ÄTCV, dÃ¹ng cÃ´ng viá»‡c hiá»‡n thá»i cá»§a há»‡ vá». Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u chá»©c nÄƒng Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Æ°á»£c báºt vÃ khÃ´ng gáº·p lá»—i.CÃ¢u lá»‡nh vÃ´ giÃ¡ trá»‹. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ tÃ¡c dá»¥ng gÃ¬: cÃ¢u lá»‡nh khÃ´ng lÃ m gÃ¬ cáº£. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: LÃºc nÃ o cÅ©ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng.ChÆ°a Ä‘áº·t biáº¿n mÃ´i trÆ°á»ng OLDPWDPhÃ¢n tÃch Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ tÃ¹y chá»n. Getopts Ä‘Æ°á»£c há»‡ vá» dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ phÃ¢n tÃch tham sá»‘ thÃ nh tÃ¹y chá»n. CHUá»–I-TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN chá»©a nhá»¯ng chá»¯ tÃ¹y chá»n cáº§n nháºn ra; má»™t chá»¯ cÃ³ dáº¥u hai cháº¥m theo sau thÃ¬ tÃ¹y chá»n cáº§n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘, cÃ¡ch tÃ¹y chá»n báº±ng khoáº£ng tráº¯ng. Má»—i láº§n gá»i, getopts sáº½ Ä‘áº·t tÃ¹y chá»n káº¿ tiáº¿p vÃ o biáº¿n há»‡ vá» $TÃŠN, táº¡o biáº¿n má»›i náº¿u tÃªn Ä‘Ã³ chÆ°a tá»“n táº¡i, vÃ Ä‘áº·t chá»‰ sá»‘ cá»§a Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ káº¿ tiáº¿p cáº§n xá» lÃ½ vÃ o biáº¿n há»‡ vá» OPTIND. OPTIND Ä‘Æ°á»£c khá»Ÿi Ä‘á»™ng báº±ng 1 má»—i láº§n há»‡ vá» hay má»™t vÄƒn lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i. Khi tÃ¹y chá»n cáº§n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘, getopts Ä‘áº·t Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Ä‘Ã³ vÃ o biáº¿n há»‡ vá» OPTARG. getopts thÃ´ng bÃ¡o lá»—i báº±ng má»™t trong hai cÃ¡ch. Náº¿u kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn cá»§a CHUá»–I-TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN lÃ dáº¥u hai cháº¥m, getopts thÃ´ng bÃ¡o lá»—i im láº·ng. Cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ nÃ y khÃ´ng in ra thÃ´ng bÃ¡o nÃ o. Náº¿u gáº·p tÃ¹y chá»n sai thÃ¬ getopts lÆ°u mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»± tÃ¹y chá»n trong biáº¿n OPTARG. KhÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ cáº§n thiáº¿t thÃ¬ getopts lÆ°u dáº¥u hai cháº¥m trong biáº¿n $TÃŠN vÃ Ä‘áº·t lÆ°u mÃ£ kÃ½ tá»± tÃ¹y chá»n trong OPTARG. Náº¿u getopts khÃ´ng trong cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ im láº·ng vÃ gáº·p tÃ¹y chá»n sai, getopts lÆ°u dáº¥u há»i â€œ?â€ vÃ o biáº¿n $TÃŠN vÃ xÃ³a OPTARG. KhÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y tÃ¹y chá»n cáº§n thiáº¿t thÃ¬ â€œ?â€ Ä‘Æ°á»£c lÆ°u vÃ o $TÃŠN, OPTARG bá»‹ xlÃ¡, vÃ in ra má»™t thÃ´ng Ä‘iá»‡p cháº©n Ä‘oÃ¡n. Náº¿u biáº¿n há»‡ vá» OPTERR cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹ 0, getopts sáº½ khÃ´ng in thÃ´ng bÃ¡o ká»ƒ cáº£ khi kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn cá»§a CHUá»–I-TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN khÃ´ng pháº£i dáº¥u hai cháº¥m. OPTERR cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ 1. Getopts bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng phÃ¢n tÃch tham sá»‘ vá»‹ trÃ ($0 - $9). Tuy nhiÃªn, cÃ¡c Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ bá»• sung cÅ©ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ¢n tÃch. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u tÃ¬m tháº¥y má»™t tÃ¹y chá»n; khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u gáº·p káº¿t thÃºc cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n, hoáº·c náº¿u gáº·p lá»—i.In tÃªn thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n táº¡i. TÃ¹y chá»n: -L in giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a $PWD náº¿u nÃ³ chá»©a tÃªn cá»§a thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n táº¡i -P in thÆ° má»¥c váºt lÃ½, khÃ´ng liÃªn káº¿t má»m Máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh â€œpwdâ€ cháº¡y nhÆ° cÃ³ máº·t â€œ-Lâ€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ vá» 0 trá»« khi Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hoáº·c khÃ´ng Ä‘á»c Ä‘Æ°á»£c thÆ° má»¥c hiá»‡n táº¡i.ThoÃ¡tÄá»c má»™t dÃ²ng tá»« Ä‘áº§u vÃ o tiÃªu chuáº©n vÃ tÃ¡ch ra nhiá»u trÆ°á»ng. Äá»c má»™t dÃ²ng tá»« Ä‘áº§u vÃ o tiÃªu chuáº©n, hoáº·c tá»« bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin FD náº¿u dÃ¹ng tÃ¹y chá»n â€œ-uâ€. DÃ²ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c chia ra nhiá»u trÆ°á»ng, trÆ°á»ng Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c gÃ¡n cho biáº¿n TÃŠN Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn, tá»« thá»© hai cho TÃŠN thá»© hai, vÃ cá»© nhÆ° váºy, vÃ tá»« cÃ²n láº¡i nÃ o Ä‘Æ°á»£c gÃ¡n cho TÃŠN cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng. Chá»‰ nhá»¯ng kÃ½ tá»± trong $IFS Ä‘Æ°á»£c coi lÃ kÃ½ tá»± phÃ¢n cÃ¡ch. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ TÃŠN thÃ¬ dÃ²ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»c sáº½ lÆ°u vÃ o biáº¿n REPLY. TÃ¹y chá»n: -a Máº¢NG lÆ°u cÃ¡c trÆ°á»ng vÃ o biáº¿n máº£ng chá»‰ sá»‘ Máº¢NG theo thá»© tá»±, báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« khÃ´ng. -d NGÄ‚N_CÃCH tiáº¿p tá»¥c Ä‘áº¿n khi Ä‘á»c kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn cá»§a DELIM thay cho kÃ½ tá»± xuá»‘ng dÃ²ng -e dÃ¹ng Readline Ä‘á»ƒ láº¥y dÃ²ng trong há»‡ vá» tÆ°Æ¡ng tÃ¡c -i CHUá»–I dÃ¹ng CHUá»–I lÃ m vÄƒn báº£n Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn cho Readline -n nChá»¯ tráº£ vá» sau khi Ä‘á»c Ä‘á»§ sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng kÃ½ tá»± nÃ y thay vÃ¬ Ä‘á»c háº¿t dÃ²ng nhÆ°ng náº¿u gáº·p chuá»—i phÃ¢n tÃ¡ch khi Ãt hÆ¡n Nchá»¯ cÃ¡c kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»c trÆ°á»›c chuá»—i phÃ¢n tÃ¡ch -N N tráº£ vá» chá»‰ sau khi Ä‘á»c chÃnh xÃ¡c sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng kÃ½ tá»± nÃ y, náº¿u khÃ´ng gáº·p káº¿t thÃºc táºp tin (EOF) hay quÃ¡ háº¡n Ä‘á»c, cÅ©ng bá» qua dáº¥u tÃ¡ch nÃ o -p NHáº®C xuáº¥t chuá»—i NHáº®C mÃ khÃ´ng cÃ³ kÃ½ tá»± dÃ²ng má»›i theo sau, trÆ°á»›c khi Ä‘á»c -r khÃ´ng cho phÃ©p gáº¡ch chÃ©o ngÆ°á»£c Ä‘á»ƒ thoÃ¡t kÃ½ tá»± -s khÃ´ng hiá»‡n láº¡i dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp Ä‘áº¿n tá»« thiáº¿t bá»‹ cuá»‘i -t THá»œI_GIAN_CHá»œ thá»i gian chá» tá»‘i Ä‘a vÃ tráº£ vá»i khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u chÆ°a Ä‘á»c má»™t dÃ²ng dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp hoÃ n toÃ n trong sá»‘ giÃ¢y nÃ y. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a biáº¿n TMOUT lÃ thá»i háº¡n máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh. Thá»i háº¡n nÃ y cÃ³ thá»ƒ lÃ má»™t phÃ¢n sá»‘. Náº¿u THá»œI_Háº N lÃ 0 thÃ¬ viá»‡c Ä‘á»c tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng chá»‰ náº¿u dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp sáºµn sÃ ng trÃªn bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin Ä‘Æ°a ra. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lá»›n hÆ¡n 128 náº¿u vÆ°á»£t quÃ¡ thá»i háº¡n nÃ y. -u FD Ä‘á»c tá»« bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin FD thay cho Ä‘áº§u vÃ o tiÃªu chuáº©n Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: MÃ£ tráº£ láº¡i lÃ sá»‘ khÃ´ng, náº¿u khÃ´ng gáº·p káº¿t thÃºc táºp tin, hay chá» quÃ¡ lÃ¢u, hoáº·c Ä‘Æ°a ra bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin sai lÃ m Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ cho â€œ-uâ€.Äá»c cÃ¡c dÃ²ng tá»« má»™t táºp tin vÃ o má»™t biáº¿n máº£ng. Giá»‘ng vá»›i â€œmapfileâ€.Äá»c cÃ¡c dÃ²ng tá»« Ä‘áº§u vÃ o tiÃªu chuáº©n vÃ o má»™t biáº¿n máº£ng chá»‰ sá»‘. Äá»c cÃ¡c dÃ²ng tá»« Ä‘áº§u vÃ o tiÃªu chuáº©n vÃ o biáº¿n máº£ng Máº¢NG, hoáº·c tá»« bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin FD náº¿u Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n -u. Biáº¿n MAPFILE lÃ Máº¢NG máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh. TÃ¹y chá»n: -d ngÄƒn_cÃ¡ch DÃ¹ng NGÄ‚N_CÃCH cháº¥m dá»©t dÃ²ng, thay cho kÃ½ tá»± dÃ²ng má»›i -n Sá» sao chÃ©p nhiá»u nháº¥t Sá» dÃ²ng. Náº¿u lÃ 0 thÃ¬ sao chÃ©p má»i dÃ²ng. -O Gá»C báº¯t Ä‘áº§u gÃ¡n cho Máº¢NG á»Ÿ chá»‰ sá»‘ Gá»C. Chá»‰ sá»‘ máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ 0. -s Sá» bá» qua Sá» dÃ²ng Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»c. -t gá»¡ bá» má»™t kÃ½ tá»± NGÄ‚N_CÃCH theo sau khá»i má»—i dÃ²ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»c (máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ kÃ½ tá»± dÃ²ng má»›i). -u FD Ä‘á»c cÃ¡c dÃ²ng tá»« bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin FD thay vÃ o tá»« Ä‘áº§u vÃ o tiÃªu chuáº©n. -C Gá»ŒI_NGÆ¯á»¢C Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ Gá»ŒI_NGÆ¯á»¢C má»—i láº§n Ä‘á»c LÆ¯á»¢NG dÃ²ng. -c LÆ¯á»¢NG ghi rÃµ sá»‘ cÃ¡c dÃ²ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»c giá»¯a hai láº§n Gá»ŒI_NGÆ¯á»¢C. Äá»‘i sá»‘: Máº¢NG tÃªn biáº¿n máº£ng cáº§n dÃ¹ng cho dá»¯ liá»‡u táºp tin. Náº¿u Ä‘Æ°a ra -C mÃ khÃ´ng cÃ³ -c thÃ¬ lÆ°á»£ng máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh lÃ 5000. Khi Æ°á»›c lÆ°á»£ng lá»i Gá»ŒI_NGÆ¯á»¢C thÃ¬ nÃ³ nháºn chá»‰ sá»‘ cá»§a pháº§n tá» máº£ng káº¿ tiáº¿p Ä‘Æ°á»£c gÃ¡n dÆ°á»›i dáº¡ng má»™t Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ bá»• sung. KhÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra má»™t Gá»C rÃµ rÃ ng thÃ¬ mapfile (táºp tin sÆ¡ Ä‘á»“) sáº½ xÃ³a sáº¡ch Máº¢NG trÆ°á»›c khi gÃ¡n cho nÃ³. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« phi Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai vÃ Máº¢NG khÃ´ng pháº£i chá»‰ Ä‘á»c hay khÃ´ng lÃ má»™t máº£ng chá»‰ sá»‘.KhÃ³a báº£n ghiNhá»› hoáº·c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ vá»‹ trÃ chÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh. XÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh vÃ ghi nhá»› tÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n Ä‘áº§y Ä‘á»§ cá»§a má»—i TÃŠN cÃ¢u lá»‡nh. Náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘, hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thÃ´ng tin vá» cÃ¡c cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi nhá»›. TÃ¹y chá»n: -d quÃªn vá»‹ trÃ Ä‘Ã£ nhá»› cá»§a TÃŠN -l hiá»ƒn thá»‹ theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng dÃ¹ng láº¡i lÃ m Ä‘áº§u vÃ o Ä‘Æ°á»£c -p TÃŠN_ÄÆ¯á»œNG_DáºªN dÃ¹ng TÃŠN_ÄÆ¯á»œNG_DáºªN lÃ tÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»ng dáº«n Ä‘áº§y Ä‘á»§ cá»§a TÃŠN -r quÃªn má»i vá»‹ trÃ Ä‘Ã£ nhá»› -t in vá»‹ trÃ Ä‘Ã£ nhá»› cá»§a TÃŠN, in tÃªn trÆ°á»›c vá»‹ trÃ náº¿u TÃŠN tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i nhiá»u vá»‹ trÃ Äá»‘i sá»‘: TÃŠN má»—i TÃŠN Ä‘Æ°á»£c tÃ¬m trong $PATH vÃ Ä‘Æ°á»£c thÃªm vÃ o danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c ghi nhá»›. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u tÃ¬m Ä‘Æ°á»£c TÃŠN vÃ khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai.Gá»¡ bá» thÆ° má»¥c khá»i ngÄƒn xáº¿p. Gá»¡ bá» thÆ° má»¥c khá»i ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thÃ¬ gá»¡ bá» thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘áº§u khá»i ngÄƒn xáº¿p vÃ â€œcdâ€ sang thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘áº§u má»›i. -n NgÄƒn chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng khi gá»¡ bá» thÆ° má»¥c khá»i ngÄƒn xáº¿p, Ä‘á»ƒ thao tÃ¡c chá»‰ ngÄƒn xáº¿p. +N Gá»¡ bá» thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« trÃ¡i danh sÃ¡ch â€œdirsâ€ (báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng). VÃ dá»¥: â€œpopd +0â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng, â€œpopd +1â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c thá»© hai. -N Gá»¡ bá» thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« pháº£i danh sÃ¡ch â€œdirsâ€ (báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng). VÃ dá»¥: â€œpopd -0â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng, â€œpopd -1â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c giÃ¡p cuá»‘i. Lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p â€œdirsâ€ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ sai, cÅ©ng khÃ´ng sai chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i thÆ° má»¥c.Gá»¡ bá» TÃŠN khá»i danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c bÃ danh. TÃ¹y chá»n: -a bá» táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c bÃ danh. Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi TÃŠN khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ má»™t bÃ danh.Bá» cÃ´ng viá»‡c khá»i há»‡ vá» Ä‘ang cháº¡y. Gá»¡ bá» cÃ´ng viá»‡c xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh bá»Ÿi Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c ÄTCV ra khá»i báº£ng cÃ¡c cÃ´ng viá»‡c hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ ÄTCV thÃ¬ dÃ¹ng cÃ´ng viá»‡c hiá»‡n thá»i cá»§a há»‡ vá». TÃ¹y chá»n: -a bá» má»i cÃ´ng viá»‡c náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ ÄTCV -h Ä‘Ã¡nh dáº¥u ÄTCV Ä‘á»ƒ khÃ´ng gá»i tÃn hiá»‡u SIGHUP cho cÃ´ng viá»‡c khi há»‡ vá» nháºn Ä‘Æ°á»£c SIGHUP -r chá»‰ bá» nhá»¯ng cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘ang cháº¡y Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n hay ÄTCV sai.Gá»¡ bá» thÆ° má»¥c khá»i ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c. KhÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thÃ¬ bá» thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘áº§u khá»i ngÄƒn xáº¿p vÃ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i sang thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘áº§u má»›i. TÃ¹y chá»n: -n ngÄƒn thay Ä‘á»•i thÆ° má»¥c bÃ¬nh thÆ°á»ng khi thÃªm, chá»‰ thao tÃ¡c trÃªn ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c. Äá»‘i sá»‘: +N xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p Ä‘á»ƒ thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« bÃªn trÃ¡i â€œdirsâ€. báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng) náº±m á»Ÿ Ä‘áº§u. VÃ dá»¥ â€œpopd +0â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c Ä‘áº§u tiÃªn, â€œpopd +1â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c thá»© hai. -N xoay ngÄƒn xáº¿p Ä‘á»ƒ thÆ° má»¥c thá»© N (Ä‘áº¿m tá»« bÃªn pháº£i â€œdirsâ€. báº¯t Ä‘áº§u tá»« sá»‘ khÃ´ng) náº±m á»Ÿ Ä‘áº§u. VÃ dá»¥ â€œpopd -0â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng, â€œpopd -1â€ bá» thÆ° má»¥c káº¿ cuá»‘i. Lá»‡nh â€œdirsâ€ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c.Thay tháº¿ há»‡ vá» báº±ng cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°a ra. Thá»±c thi Lá»†NH, thay tháº¿ há»‡ vá» nÃ y báº±ng chÆ°Æ¡ng trÃ¬nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y. Äá»I-Sá» trá»Ÿ thÃ nh Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ cá»§a Lá»†NH. KhÃ´ng Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a Lá»†NH thÃ¬ báº¥t cá»© chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng nÃ o sáº½ xáº£y ra trong há»‡ vá» Ä‘ang cháº¡y. TÃ¹y chá»n: -a TÃŠN truyá»n TÃŠN cho Lá»†NH dáº¡ng Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thá»© khÃ´ng -c thá»±c thi Lá»†NH vá»›i má»™t mÃ´i trÆ°á»ng rá»—ng -l Ä‘áº·t má»™t dáº¥u gáº¡ch vÃ o Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ thá»© khÃ´ng cá»§a Lá»†NH Náº¿u Lá»†NH khÃ´ng thá»ƒ thá»±c thi, há»‡ vá» khÃ´ng tÆ°Æ¡ng tÃ¡c sáº½ thoÃ¡t, trá»« khi Ä‘áº·t tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá» â€œexecfailâ€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi khÃ´ng tÃ¬m Ä‘Æ°á»£c Lá»†NH hoáº·c gáº·p lá»—i chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng.ThÃ´ng bÃ¡o thá»i gian sá» dá»¥ng Ä‘á»ƒ thá»±c thi á»‘ng dáº«n. Thá»±c thi á»NG-DáºªN vÃ in tÃ³m táº¯t thá»i gian tháºt, thá»i gian CPU ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng, vÃ thá»i gian CPU há»‡ thá»‘ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ thá»±c thi á»‘ng dáº«n Ä‘áº¿n khi cháº¥m dá»©t. TÃ¹y chá»n: -p in báº£n tÃ³m táº¯t thá»i gian theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng POSIX GiÃ¡ trá»‹ biáº¿n TIMEFORMAT Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng lÃ m Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng káº¿t xuáº¥t. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i tráº£ vá» lÃ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i tráº£ vá» cá»§a á»NG-DáºªN.Tiáº¿p tá»¥c láº¡i cháº¡y vÃ²ng láº·p for, while hoáº·c until. Tiáº¿p tá»¥c láº¡i cháº¡y vÃ²ng láº·p for, while hoáº·c until. Náº¿u xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh N thÃ¬ tiáº¿p tá»¥c vÃ²ng láº·p thá»© N. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ 0 trá»« khi N nhá» hÆ¡n 1.Tiáº¿p tá»¥c láº¡i cÃ´ng viá»‡c á»Ÿ trÆ°á»›c. TÆ°Æ¡ng Ä‘Æ°Æ¡ng vá»›i Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c ÄTCV trong lá»‡nh â€œfgâ€. Tiáº¿p tá»¥c láº¡i cÃ´ng viá»‡c bá»‹ dá»«ng cháº¡y hay cháº¡y ná»n. ÄTCV cÃ³ thá»ƒ xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh tÃªn cÃ´ng viá»‡c hoáº·c mÃ£ sá»‘ cÃ´ng viá»‡c. Äáº·t â€œ&â€ sau ÄTCV sáº½ cháº¡y cÃ´ng viá»‡c á»Ÿ ná»n, nhÆ° lÃ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c trong â€œbgâ€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Ã£ tiáº¿p tá»¥c láº¡i.Tráº£ láº¡i káº¿t quáº£ thÃ nh cÃ´ng. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: LÃºc nÃ o cÅ©ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng.Tráº£ vá» káº¿t quáº£ khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: LÃºc nÃ o cÅ©ng khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng.Trá»Ÿ vá» tá»« hÃ m há»‡ vá». ThoÃ¡t hÃ m há»‡ vá» hoáº·c vÄƒn lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c â€œsourceâ€ vá»›i mÃ£ tráº£ vá» xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh bá»Ÿi N. Náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ N, tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t lÃ cá»§a lá»‡nh thá»±c hiá»‡n cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng trong hÃ m/vÄƒn lá»‡nh. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i N, hoáº·c bá»‹ lá»—i náº¿u há»‡ vá» khÃ´ng Ä‘ang cháº¡y má»™t hÃ m hay vÄƒn lá»‡nh.Tráº£ vá» ngá»¯ cáº£nh cá»§a lá»‡nh gá»i hÃ m hiá»‡n thá»i. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ BTHá»¨C thÃ¬ tráº£ láº¡i "$line $filename". CÃ³ BTHá»¨C thÃ¬ tráº£ láº¡i "$line $subroutine $filename"; thÃ´ng tin bá»• sung nÃ y cÃ³ thá»ƒ Ä‘Æ°á»£c dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ cung cáº¥p stack trace. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a BTHá»¨C thÃ¬ ngá»¥ Ã½ bao nhiÃªu láº§n gá»i cáº§n lÃ¹i láº¡i Ä‘áº±ng trÆ°á»›c lá»‡nh gá»i hiá»‡n táº¡i; khung gá»i Ä‘áº§u lÃ khung 0. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i 0 trá»« khi há»‡ vá» Ä‘ang cháº¡y hÃ m há»‡ vá», BTHá»¨C cÅ©ng há»£p lá»‡.Tráº£ láº¡i ngá»¯ cáº£nh cá»§a cÃº gá»i thá»§ tá»¥c con hiá»‡n thá»i. Náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ BTHá»¨C thÃ¬ tráº£ vá» Äang cháº¡yLá»—i phÃ¢n Ä‘oáº¡nChá»n tá»« tá»« má»™t danh sÃ¡ch vÃ thá»±c thi lá»‡nh. Tá»ª Ä‘Æ°á»£c triá»ƒn khai, phÃ¡t sinh danh sÃ¡ch tá»«. Táºp há»£p cÃ¡c tá»« káº¿t quáº£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c in ra Ä‘áº§u ra lá»—i chuáº©n vá»›i má»™t con sá»‘ á»Ÿ phÃa trÆ°á»›c. Ngáº§m Ä‘á»‹nh â€œin "$@"â€ náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ â€œin Tá»ªâ€. Dáº¥u nháº¯c PS3 Ä‘Æ°á»£c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ vÃ má»™t dÃ²ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»c tá»« Ä‘áº§u vÃ o tiÃªu chuáº©n. Náº¿u dÃ²ng bao gá»“m sá»‘ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i tá»« hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thÃ¬ Ä‘áº·t tá»« Ä‘Ã³ vÃ o biáº¿n TÃŠN. Náº¿u dÃ²ng rá»—ng thÃ¬ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ láº¡i Tá»ª vÃ dáº¥u nháº¯c. Náº¿u gáº·p EOF thÃ¬ káº¿t thÃºc. Äáº·t TÃŠN lÃ rá»—ng vá»›i cÃ¡c giÃ¡ trá»‹ khÃ¡c. DÃ²ng Ä‘á»c Ä‘Æ°á»£c lÆ°u vÃ o biáº¿n REPLY. Lá»†NH Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi sau má»—i láº§n chá»n Ä‘áº¿n khi gáº·p lá»‡nh â€œbreakâ€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a cÃ¢u lá»‡nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y.Äáº·t cÃ¡c tá»• há»£p phÃm vÃ biáº¿n Readline. Gáº¯n tá»• há»£p phÃm vá»›i má»™t chá»©c nÄƒng hay vÄ© lá»‡nh Readline, hoáº·c Ä‘áº·t biáº¿n Readline. CÃº phÃ¡p Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ khÃ´ng tÃ¹y chá»n giá»‘ng nhÆ° trong ~/.inputrc, nhÆ°ng pháº£i Ä‘Æ°á»£c chuyá»ƒn qua dÆ°á»›i dáº¡ng Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ Ä‘Æ¡n. VÃ dá»¥: bind â€œ"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-fileâ€. TÃ¹y chá»n: -m SÆ -Äá»’-PHÃM dÃ¹ng sÆ¡_Ä‘á»“_phÃm lÃ m sÆ¡ Ä‘á»“ phÃm khi lá»‡nh nÃ y cháº¡y. GiÃ¡ trá»‹ há»£p lá»‡ lÃ emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command vÃ vi-insert. -l Liá»‡t kÃª tÃªn cÃ¡c hÃ m -P Liá»‡t kÃª tÃªn hÃ m vÃ tá»• há»£p phÃm -p Liá»‡t kÃª tÃªn hÃ m vÃ tá»• há»£p phÃm theo dáº¡ng dÃ¹ng láº¡i lÃ m Ä‘áº§u vÃ o Ä‘Æ°á»£c -S Liá»‡t kÃª chuá»—i phÃm mÃ gá»i vÄ© lá»‡nh vÃ cÃ¡c giÃ¡-trá»‹ cá»§a chÃºng -s Liá»‡t kÃª chuá»—i phÃm mÃ gá»i vÄ© lá»‡nh vÃ cÃ¡c giÃ¡-trá»‹ cá»§a chÃºng theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng cÃ³ thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng lÃ m Ä‘áº§u vÃ o -V Liá»‡t kÃª cÃ¡c biáº¿n vÃ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a chÃºng -v Liá»‡t kÃª cÃ¡c biáº¿n vÃ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a chÃºng theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng cÃ³ thá»ƒ tÃ¡i sá» dá»¥ng lÃ m Ä‘áº§u vÃ o. -q TÃŠN-HÃ€M Há»i phÃm nÃ o gá»i hÃ m nÃ y -u TÃŠN-HÃ€M Gá»¡ bá» táº¥t cáº£ phÃm táº¯t gáº¯n vá»›i hÃ m nÃ y -r DÃƒY-PHÃM Gá»¡ bá» tá»• há»£p phÃm nÃ y -f Táº¬P-TIN Äá»c tá»• há»£p phÃm tá»« táºp tin nÃ y -x DÃƒY-PHÃM:Lá»†NH Cháº¡y Lá»†NH khi nháºp DÃƒY-PHÃM -X Liá»‡t kÃª dÃ£y phÃm vá»›i tÃ¹y-chá»n -x vÃ cÃ¡c lá»‡nh káº¿t há»£p theo dáº¡ng cÃ³ thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng lÃ m Ä‘áº§u vÃ o. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: lá»‡nh bind tráº£ vá» 0 trá»« khi Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n khÃ´ng nháºn ra hay gáº·p lá»—i.Äáº·t vÃ bá» cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá». Thay Ä‘á»•i thiáº¿t láºp cá»§a má»—i tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá» TÃŠN_TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ tÃ¹y chá»n thÃ¬ liá»‡t kÃª táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá» kÃ¨m chá»‰ dáº«n tÃ¹y chá»n Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t hay khÃ´ng. TÃ¹y chá»n: -o háº¡n cháº¿ TÃŠN_TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN nhá»¯ng tÃªn Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a Ä‘á»ƒ sá» dá»¥ng vá»›i â€œset -oâ€ -p in má»—i tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá» kÃ¨m tráº¡ng thÃ¡i -q ngÄƒn káº¿t xuáº¥t -u táº¯t TÃŠN_TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u TÃŠN_TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN Ä‘Æ°á»£c báºt; khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay TÃŠN_TÃ™Y_CHá»ŒN bá»‹ táº¯t.Äáº·t thuá»™c tÃnh xuáº¥t kháº©u cho biáº¿n há»‡ vá». ÄÃ¡nh dáº¥u TÃŠN Ä‘á»ƒ tá»± Ä‘á»™ng xuáº¥t vÃ o mÃ´i trÆ°á»ng cá»§a cÃ¡c lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y sau Ä‘Ã³. CÃ³ GIÃ-TRá»Š thÃ¬ gÃ¡n GIÃ-TRá»Š trÆ°á»›c khi xuáº¥t ra. TÃ¹y chá»n: -f tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n hÃ m há»‡ vá» -n gá»¡ bá» thuá»™c tÃnh xuáº¥t kháº©u khá»i TÃŠN -p hiá»ƒn thá»‹ danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c biáº¿n vÃ hÃ m Ä‘Æ°á»£c xuáº¥t ra Äá»‘i sá»‘ â€œ--â€ ngá»«ng phÃ¢n tÃch tÃ¹y chá»n cho cÃ¡c tham sá»‘ cÃ²n láº¡i. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n hay TÃŠN sai,Äáº·t giÃ¡ trá»‹ vÃ thuá»™c tÃnh biáº¿n. Khai bÃ¡o biáº¿n vÃ gÃ¡n cho thuá»™c tÃnh cho nÃ³. Náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a TÃŠN thÃ¬ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thuá»™c tÃnh vÃ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a má»i biáº¿n. TÃ¹y chá»n: -f háº¡n cháº¿ hÃ nh Ä‘á»™ng hoáº·c hiá»ƒn thá»‹ tÃªn hÃ m vÃ Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a -F háº¡n cháº¿ hiá»ƒn thá»‹ chá»‰ tÃªn hÃ m mÃ thÃ´i (vÃ sá»‘ thá»© tá»± dÃ²ng vÃ táºp tin nguá»“n khi gá»¡ lá»—i) -g táº¡o biáº¿n toÃ n cá»¥c khi sá» dá»¥ng trong hÃ m há»‡ vá»; náº¿u khÃ´ng thÃ¬ bá»‹ bá» qua -p hiá»ƒn thá»‹ thuá»™c tÃnh vÃ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a má»—i TÃŠN TÃ¹y chá»n dÃ¹ng Ä‘á»ƒ Ä‘áº·t thuá»™c tÃnh: -a táº¡o máº£ng chá»‰ sá»‘ tÃªn TÃŠN (náº¿u há»— trá»£) -A táº¡o máº£ng káº¿t há»£p tÃªn TÃŠN (náº¿u há»— trá»£) -i Ä‘áº·t thuá»™c tÃnh â€œintegerâ€ (sá»‘ nguyÃªn) cho TÃŠN -l chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i TÃŠN sang chá»¯ thÆ°á»ng khi gÃ¡n -n lÃ m má»™t TÃŠN tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n biáº¿n cÃ³ tÃªn lÃ giÃ¡ trá»‹ cá»§a nÃ³ -r lÃ m cho TÃŠN chá»‰ Ä‘á»c -t Ä‘áº·t thuá»™c tÃnh â€œtraceâ€ cho TÃŠN -u chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i TÃŠN sang chá»¯ hoa khi gÃ¡n -x xuáº¥t kháº©u TÃŠN DÃ¹ng â€œ+â€ thay cho â€œ-â€ Ä‘á»ƒ táº¯t thuá»™c tÃnh Ä‘Æ°a ra. Biáº¿n cÃ³ thuá»™c tÃnh sá»‘ nguyÃªn thÃ¬ Ä‘á»‹nh giÃ¡ theo sá»‘ há»c (xem lá»‡nh â€œletâ€ khi biáº¿n Ä‘Æ°á»£c gÃ¡n. Khi dÃ¹ng trong hÃ m, â€œdeclareâ€ Ä‘áº·t TÃŠN lÃ cá»¥c bá»™, nhÆ° khi dÃ¹ng lá»‡nh â€œlocalâ€ (cá»¥c bá»™). TÃ¹y chá»n -g ngÄƒn hÃ nh vi nÃ y. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hoáº·c gáº·p lá»—i khi gÃ¡n biáº¿n.CÃ¢u lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i tá»« khÃ³a â€œTÃ¹y chá»n: Dá»‹ch vá»‹ trÃ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘. Thay Ä‘á»•i tÃªn cá»§a Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ vá»‹ trÃ $N+1,$N+2 â€¦ thÃ nh $1,$2 â€¦ N lÃ 1 náº¿u khÃ´ng chá»‰ Ä‘á»‹nh. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi N Ã¢m hay lá»›n hÆ¡n $#.TÃn hiá»‡u %dChá»‰ Ä‘á»‹nh cÃ¡ch tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ báº±ng Readline. Äá»‘i vá»›i má»—i TÃŠN, ghi rÃµ cÃ¡c Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ sáº½ Ä‘Æ°á»£c tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n nhÆ° tháº¿ nÃ o. KhÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n thÃ¬ in ra cÃ¡c Ä‘áº·c táº£ tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n báº±ng má»™t cÃ¡ch cho phÃ©p dÃ¹ng láº¡i Ä‘áº·c táº£ lÃ m dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp vÃ o. TÃ¹y chá»n: -p in Ä‘áº·c táº£ tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n Ä‘Ã£ tá»“n táº¡i theo Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng dÃ¹ng láº¡i Ä‘Æ°á»£c -r gá»¡ bá» Ä‘áº·c táº£ tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n cho má»—i TÃŠN, hoáº·c náº¿u cÃ³ TÃŠN thÃ¬ gá»¡ bá» táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c Ä‘áº·c táº£ tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n -D Ã¡p dá»¥ng cÃ¡c sá»± hoÃ n thÃ nh vÃ hÃ nh Ä‘á»™ng lÃ m máº·c Ä‘á»‹nh cho cÃ¢u lá»‡nh mÃ khÃ´ng xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh sá»± hoÃ n thÃ nh riÃªng -E Ã¡p dá»¥ng cÃ¡c sá»± hoÃ n thÃ nh vÃ hÃ nh Ä‘á»™ng cho cÃ¢u lá»‡nh â€œtrá»‘ngâ€ (empty) -- thá» hoÃ n thÃ nh trÃªn dÃ²ng tráº¯ng Khi chá»©c nÄƒng tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá», nhá»¯ng hÃ nh Ä‘á»™ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c lÃ m theo thá»© tá»± cá»§a nhá»¯ng tÃ¹y chá»n chá»¯ HOA bÃªn trÃªn. TÃ¹y chá»n -D cÃ³ quyá»n Æ°u tiÃªn hÆ¡n -E. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay gáº·p lá»—i.Bá»‹ dá»«ngBá»‹ dá»«ng (tÃn hiá»‡u)Bá»‹ dá»«ng (tty nháºp)Bá»‹ dá»«ng (tty xuáº¥t)Bá»‹ dá»«ng(%s)NgÆ°ng cháº¡y há»‡ vá». NgÆ°ng cháº¡y há»‡ vá» nÃ y Ä‘áº¿n khi nháºn tÃn hiá»‡u SIGCONT. Náº¿u khÃ´ng Ã©p buá»™c thÃ¬ khÃ´ng thá»ƒ ngÆ°ng cháº¡y há»‡ vá» Ä‘Äƒng nháºp. TÃ¹y chá»n: -f buá»™c ngÆ°ng, tháºm chÃ vá»›i há»‡ vá» Ä‘Äƒng nháºp Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« khi chá»©c nÄƒng Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡c khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c báºt hoáº·c gáº·p lá»—i.Äá»ŠNH Dáº NG THá»œI GIAN: â€œ%câ€: kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡Bá»‹ cháº¥m dá»©tÄÃ£ Ä‘á»c thÆ° trong %s CÃ³ cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘ang cháº¡y. CÃ³ cÃ´ng viá»‡c bá»‹ dá»«ng. á»ž Ä‘Ã¢y KHÃ”NG Báº¢O HÃ€NH GÃŒ Cáº¢, vá»›i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n Ä‘Æ°á»£c phÃ¡p luáºt cho phÃ©p.Nhá»¯ng cÃ¢u lá»‡nh nÃ y Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a ná»™i bá»™. GÃµ lá»‡nh â€œhelpâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ xem danh sÃ¡ch nÃ y. GÃµ â€œhelp TÃŠNâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ biáº¿t chi tiáº¿t vá» hÃ m â€œTÃŠNâ€. DÃ¹ng â€œinfo bashâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ tÃ¬m thÃ´ng tin chung vá» há»‡ vá» nÃ³i chung. DÃ¹ng â€œman -kâ€ hoáº·c â€œinfoâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ tÃ¬m thÃ´ng tin vá» lá»‡nh ngoÃ i danh sÃ¡ch nÃ y. Dáº¥u sao (*) bÃªn cáº¡nh tÃªn nghÄ©a lÃ lá»‡nh bá»‹ táº¯t. ÄÃ¢y lÃ pháº§n má»m tá»± do; báº¡n cÃ³ quyá»n sá»a Ä‘á»•i vÃ phÃ¡t hÃ nh láº¡i nÃ³.Báº«y tÃn hiá»‡u vÃ sá»± kiá»‡n khÃ¡c. Äá»‹nh nghÄ©a vÃ kÃch hoáº¡t cÃ¡c bá»™ xá» lÃ½ khi há»‡ vá» nháºn Ä‘Æ°á»£c tÃn hiá»‡u hay cÃ¡c Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n khÃ¡c. Äá»I-Sá» lÃ má»™t lá»‡nh cáº§n Ä‘á»c vÃ thá»±c thi khi há»‡ vá» nháºn Ä‘Æ°á»£c tÃn hiá»‡u theo Ä‘áº·c táº£ tÃn hiá»‡u ÄTTH. Náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ Äá»I-Sá» (vÃ chá»‰ cung cáº¥p má»™t ÄTTH), hoáº·c cung cáº¥p â€œ-â€. má»—i tÃn hiá»‡u Ä‘Æ°á»£c xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh thÃ¬ Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘áº·t láº¡i vá» giÃ¡ trá»‹ gá»‘c. Náº¿u Äá»I-Sá» lÃ chuá»—i rá»—ng thÃ¬ má»—i ÄTTH bá»‹ há»‡ vá» vÃ nhá»¯ng lá»‡nh bÃªn trong bá» qua. Náº¿u ÄTTH lÃ EXIT (0) thÃ¬ Äá»I-Sá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi khi thoÃ¡t khá»i há»‡ vá». Náº¿u lÃ DEBUG, Äá»I-Sá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi trÆ°á»›c má»—i lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ¡n giáº£n. Náº¿u lÃ RETURN, Äá»I-Sá» Ä‘Æ°á»£c thá»±c thi má»—i khi hÃ m há»‡ vá» hay má»™t vÄƒn lá»‡nh, Ä‘Æ°á»£c cháº¡y bá»Ÿi lá»‡nh â€œ.â€ hoáº·c â€œsourceâ€. káº¿t thÃºc thá»±c thi. ÄTTH ERR nghÄ©a lÃ thá»±c thi Äá»I-Sá» má»—i khi lá»‡nh gáº·p lá»—i dáº«n Ä‘áº¿n thoÃ¡t há»‡ vá» khi báºt tÃ¹y chá»n -e. Náº¿u khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘, â€œtrapâ€ sáº½ in danh sÃ¡ch cá»§a cÃ¡c lá»‡nh gáº¯n vá»›i cÃ¡c tÃn hiá»‡u. TÃ¹y chá»n: -l in danh sÃ¡ch tÃªn tÃn hiá»‡u vÃ mÃ£ sá»‘ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng -p hiá»ƒn thá»‹ lá»‡nh báº¯t tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng vá»›i má»—i ÄTTH Má»—i ÄTTH hoáº·c lÃ tÃªn tÃn hiá»‡u trong , hoáº·c mÃ£ sá»‘ tÃn hiá»‡u. TÃªn tÃn hiá»‡u khÃ´ng phÃ¢n biá»‡t chá»¯ hoa/thÆ°á»ng, vÃ khÃ´ng báº¯t buá»™c pháº£i dÃ¹ng tiá»n tá»‘ SIG. CÃ³ thá»ƒ gá»i tÃn hiá»‡u cho há»‡ vá» báº±ng "kill -signal $$". Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng trá»« phi Ä‘Æ°a ra ÄTTH sai hay tÃ¹y chá»n sai.GÃµ â€œ%s -c "help set"â€ Ä‘á»ƒ xem thÃ´ng tin vá» cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá». GÃµ â€œ%s -c helpâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ xem thÃ´ng tin vá» cÃ¡c lá»‡nh há»‡ vá» tÃch há»£p. TÃn hiá»‡u láº¡ #TÃn hiá»‡u láº¡ #%dLá»—i khÃ´ng rÃµKhÃ´ng rÃµ tráº¡ng thÃ¡iXÃ³a giÃ¡ trá»‹ vÃ thuá»™c tÃnh cá»§a biáº¿n há»‡ vá» vÃ cÃ¡c hÃ m. Äá»‘i vá»›i má»—i TÃŠN, gá»¡ bá» biáº¿n hay hÃ m tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ng. TÃ¹y chá»n: -f coi má»—i TÃŠN lÃ hÃ m há»‡ vá» -v coi má»—i TÃŠN lÃ biáº¿n há»‡ vá» -n coi TÃŠN nhÆ° lÃ tÃªn tham chiáº¿u vÃ bá» Ä‘áº·t biáº¿n Ä‘Ã³ thay vÃ¬ biáº¿n mÃ nÃ³ tham chiáº¿u Ä‘áº¿n KhÃ´ng cÃ³ tÃ¹y chá»n thÃ¬ sáº½ thá» xÃ³a biáº¿n, vÃ náº¿u khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng, sau Ä‘Ã³ thá» xÃ³a hÃ m. Má»™t sá»‘ biáº¿n khÃ´ng thá»ƒ gá»¡ bá»; nÃªn xem â€œreadonlyâ€. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai hay TÃŠN chá»‰-Ä‘á»c.Äiá»u kiá»‡n IO gáº¥pCÃ¡ch dÃ¹ng: %s [tÃ¹y chá»n GNU dÃ i] [tÃ¹y chá»n] â€¦ %s [tÃ¹y chá»n GNU dÃ i] [tÃ¹y chá»n] táºp-tin-vÄƒn-lá»‡nh â€¦ DÃ¹ng "%s" Ä‘á»ƒ rá»i há»‡ vá». DÃ¹ng lá»‡nh â€œbashbugâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ thÃ´ng bÃ¡o lá»—i. BÃ¡o cÃ¡o cÃ¡c lá»—i dá»‹ch cho: . TÃn hiá»‡u ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng 1TÃn hiá»‡u ngÆ°á»i dÃ¹ng 2Chá» cÃ´ng viá»‡c cháº¡y xong vÃ tráº£ vá» tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t. Äá»£i tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh xÃ¡c Ä‘á»‹nh bá»Ÿi ID, cÃ³ thá»ƒ lÃ mÃ£ sá»‘ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh hay Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c, sau Ä‘Ã³ tráº£ vá» tráº¡ng thÃ¡i káº¿t thÃºc cá»§a nÃ³. KhÃ´ng cÃ³ ID thÃ¬ Ä‘á»£i táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con Ä‘ang cháº¡y vÃ tráº¡ng thÃ¡i tráº£ vá» lÃ khÃ´ng. Náº¿u ID lÃ Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c thÃ¬ Ä‘á»£i táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh váº«n náº±m trong á»‘ng dáº«n cá»§a cÃ´ng viá»‡c Ä‘Ã³. Náº¿u tÃ¹y-chá»n -n Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ã¡p dÃ¹ng thÃ¬ Ä‘á»£i cho Ä‘áº¿n khi cÃ´ng viá»‡c káº¿ cháº¥m dá»©t vÃ tráº£ vá» tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t cá»§a nÃ³. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ vá» tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a ID cuá»‘i; khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u ID sai hoáº·c Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai.Äá»£i tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh cháº¡y xong vÃ tráº£ vá» tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t. Äá»£i tá»«ng tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh Ä‘Ã£ chá»‰ ra theo PID vÃ bÃ¡o cÃ¡o tráº¡ng thÃ¡i káº¿t thÃºc cá»§a nÃ³. Náº¿u khÃ´ng chá»‰ ra PID thÃ¬ Ä‘á»£i táº¥t cáº£ cÃ¡c tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con Ä‘ang cháº¡y, vÃ mÃ£ vá» lÃ khÃ´ng. PID pháº£i lÃ mÃ£ sá»‘ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh. Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i tráº¡ng thÃ¡i cá»§a PID; khÃ´ng thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u PID sai, hoáº·c náº¿u Ä‘Æ°a ra tÃ¹y chá»n sai.Cá»a sá»• bá»‹ thay Ä‘á»•iGhi Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ vÃ o Ä‘áº§u ra chuáº©n. Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ Äá»I-Sá» trÃªn Ä‘áº§u ra chuáº©n, kÃ¨m kÃ½ tá»± xuá»‘ng hÃ ng á»Ÿ cuá»‘i. TÃ¹y chá»n: -n Ä‘á»«ng thÃªm kÃ½ tá»± xuá»‘ng hÃ ng Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng gáº·p lá»—i ghi.Ghi Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ vÃ o Ä‘áº§u ra tiÃªu chuáº©n. Hiá»ƒn thá»‹ cÃ¡c Äá»I-Sá», ngÄƒn cÃ¡ch báº±ng dáº¥u cÃ¡ch Ä‘Æ¡n vÃ kÃ¨m kÃ½ tá»± dÃ²ng má»›i ra Ä‘áº§u ra tiÃªu chuáº©n . TÃ¹y chá»n: -n Ä‘á»«ng thÃªm kÃ½ tá»± dÃ²ng má»›i -e báºt diá»…n dá»‹ch kÃ½ tá»± thoÃ¡t theo sau kÃ½ tá»± â€œ\â€ -E cháº·n diá»…n dá»‹ch kÃ½ tá»± thoÃ¡t â€œechoâ€ hiá»ƒu nhá»¯ng kÃ½ tá»± thoÃ¡t sau: \a tiáº¿ng chuÃ´ng \b xÃ³a lÃ¹i \c cháº·n káº¿t xuáº¥t tiáº¿p \e kÃ½ tá»± thoÃ¡t \E kÃ½ tá»± thoÃ¡t \f táº£i giáº¥y \n dÃ²ng má»›i \r xuá»‘ng dÃ²ng \t tab Ä‘á»©ng \v tab ngang \\ gáº¡ch ngÆ°á»£c \0nnn kÃ½ tá»± cÃ³ mÃ£ ASCII NNN (1-3 chá»¯ sá»‘ bÃ¡t phÃ¢n) \xHH kÃ½ tá»± 8-bit cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹ HH (1-2 chá»¯ sá»‘ tháºp lá»¥c phÃ¢n) Tráº¡ng thÃ¡i thoÃ¡t: Tráº£ láº¡i thÃ nh cÃ´ng náº¿u khÃ´ng gáº·p lá»—i khi ghi.Báº¡n cÃ³ thÆ° trong $_Báº¡n cÃ³ thÆ° má»›i trong $_[ Ä.Sá» â€¦ ][[ BTHá»¨C ]]â€œ%câ€: cÃ¢u lá»‡nh saiâ€œ%câ€: kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡â€œ%câ€: kÃ½ tá»± cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ kÃ½ hiá»‡u khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡â€œ%câ€: toÃ¡n tá» cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ kÃ½ hiá»‡u khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡â€œ%câ€: Ä‘áº·c táº£ Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng thá»i gian khÃ´ng Ä‘Ãºngâ€œ%sâ€: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ thÃ¡oâ€œ%sâ€: tÃªn bÃ danh khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡â€œ%sâ€: tÃªn sÆ¡ Ä‘á»“ phÃm khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡â€œ%sâ€: lÃ lá»‡nh tÃch há»£p Ä‘áº·c biá»‡tâ€œ%sâ€: thiáº¿u kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ngâ€œ%sâ€: khÃ´ng pháº£i má»™t pid hoáº·c Ä‘áº·c táº£ cÃ´ng viá»‡c há»£p lá»‡â€œ%sâ€: khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ Ä‘á»‹nh danh há»£p lá»‡â€œ%sâ€: khÃ´ng hiá»ƒu tÃªn hÃ mcáº§n â€œ)â€cáº§n â€œ)â€ nhÆ°ng láº¡i nháºn Ä‘Æ°á»£c %scáº§n â€œ:â€ cho biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡nadd_process: pid %5ld (%s) Ä‘Æ°á»£c Ä‘Ã¡nh dáº¥u váº«n hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ngadd_process: tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh %5ld (%s) trong the_pipelinealias [-p] [TÃŠN[=GIÃ-TRá»Š] â€¦ ]all_local_variables: khÃ´ng cÃ³ ngá»¯ cáº£nh hÃ m á»Ÿ pháº¡m vi hiá»‡n thá»iÄ‘á»‘i sá»‘cáº§n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘cáº§n há»— trá»£ biáº¿n máº£ngthá» gÃ¡n cho thá»© khÃ´ng pháº£i biáº¿nsai chá»‰ sá»‘ máº£ngkiá»ƒu lá»‡nh saibá»™ káº¿t ná»‘i sainháº£y saisai thay tháº¿: khÃ´ng cÃ³ "â€œ" Ä‘Ã³ng trong %ssai chá»‰ sá»‘ phá»¥: khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘Ã³ng â€œ%sâ€ trong %sTrang chá»§ bash: bash_execute_unix_command: khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y Ã¡nh xáº¡ phÃm (keymap) cho cÃ¢u lá»‡nhbg [ÄTCV â€¦]bind [-lpvsPVSX] [-m SÆ -Äá»’-PHÃM] [-f Táº¬P-TIN] [-q TÃŠN] [-u TÃŠN] [-r DÃƒY-PHÃM] [-x DÃƒY-PHÃM:Lá»†NH] [DÃƒY-PHÃM:HÃ€M-READLINE hay Lá»†NH-READLINE]khai triá»ƒn ngoáº·c Ã´m: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ phÃ¢n bá»• bá»™ nhá»› cho %skhai triá»ƒn ngoáº·c Ã´m: gáº·p lá»—i khi phÃ¢n bá»• bá»™ nhá»› cho â€œ%dâ€ pháº§n tá»khai triá»ƒn ngoáº·c Ã´m: gáº·p lá»—i khi phÃ¢n bá»• bá»™ nhá»› cho â€œ%sâ€break [n]lá»—i: â€œtoken expassignâ€ saibuiltin [SHELL-BUILTIN [Äá»I-Sá» â€¦]]caller [BTHá»¨C]chá»‰ cÃ³ thá»ƒ â€œreturnâ€ tá»« má»™t hÃ m hoáº·c vÄƒn lá»‡nh Ä‘Æ°á»£c â€œsourceâ€chá»‰ cÃ³ thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng trong má»™t hÃ mkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ cáº¥p phÃ¡t bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin má»›i cho dá»¯ liá»‡u nháºp bash tá»« fd %dkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ táº¡o táºp tin táº¡m thá»i cho tÃ i liá»‡u nÃ y: %skhÃ´ng thá»ƒ nhÃ¢n Ä‘Ã´i fd %d thÃ nh fd %dkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ nhÃ¢n Ä‘Ã´i á»‘ng dáº«n Ä‘áº·t tÃªn %s thÃ nh fd %dkhÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y %s trong Ä‘á»‘i tÆ°á»£ng dÃ¹ng chung %s: %skhÃ´ng thá»ƒ táº¡o tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con Ä‘á»ƒ thay tháº¿ lá»‡nhkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ táº¡o tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con Ä‘á»ƒ thay tháº¿ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nhkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ táº¡o á»‘ng dáº«n Ä‘á»ƒ thay tháº¿ lá»‡nhkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ táº¡o á»‘ng dáº«n Ä‘á»ƒ thay tháº¿ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nhkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ má»Ÿ á»‘ng dáº«n Ä‘áº·t tÃªn %s Ä‘á»ƒ Ä‘á»ckhÃ´ng thá»ƒ má»Ÿ á»‘ng dáº«n cÃ³ tÃªn %s Ä‘á»ƒ ghikhÃ´ng thá»ƒ má»Ÿ Ä‘á»‘i tÆ°á»£ng dÃ¹ng chung %s: %skhÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng Ä‘áº§u vÃ o chuáº©n tá»« /dev/null: %skhÃ´ng thá»ƒ Ä‘áº·t láº¡i cháº¿ Ä‘á»™ â€œnodelayâ€ cho fd %dkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ Ä‘á»“ng thá»i Ä‘áº·t vÃ há»§y Ä‘áº·t cÃ¡c tÃ¹y chá»n há»‡ vá»khÃ´ng thá»ƒ Ä‘áº·t gid thÃ nh %d: gid chá»‹u tÃ¡c Ä‘á»™ng %dkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ Ä‘áº·t nhÃ³m tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh cuá»‘i cÃ¹ng (%d)khÃ´ng thá»ƒ Ä‘áº·t uid thÃ nh %d: uid chá»‹u tÃ¡c Ä‘á»™ng %dkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ há»§y Ä‘áº·t Ä‘á»“ng thá»i má»™t hÃ m VÃ€ má»™t biáº¿nkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ ngÆ°ngkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ ngÆ°ng há»‡ vá» Ä‘Äƒng nháºpkhÃ´ng thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng â€œ-fâ€ Ä‘á»ƒ táº¡o hÃ mchá»‰ cÃ³ thá»ƒ dÃ¹ng má»™t cá»§a nhá»¯ng tÃ¹y chá»n -anrwcase Tá»ª in [MáºªU [| MáºªU]â€¦) CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH;;]â€¦ esaccd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@]] [THÆ¯-Má»¤C]setpgid tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con (%ld thÃ nh %ld)command [-pVv] Lá»†NH [Ä.Sá» â€¦]command_substitute: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ nhÃ¢n Ä‘Ã´i á»‘ng dáº«n thÃ nh fd 1compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN] [-A HÃ€NH-Äá»˜NG] [-G MáºªU-GLOB] [-W DANH-SÃCH-Tá»ª] [-F HÃ€M] [-C Lá»†NH] [-X MáºªU-Lá»ŒC] [-P TIá»€N-Tá»] [-S Háº¬U-Tá»] [Tá»ª]complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN] [-A HÃ€NH-Äá»˜NG] [-G MáºªU-GLOB] [-W DANH-SÃCH-Tá»ª] [-F HÃ€M] [-C Lá»†NH] [-X MáºªU-Lá»ŒC] [-P TIá»€N-Tá»] [-S Háº¬U-Tá»] [TÃŠN â€¦]tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡n: khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y hÃ m â€œ%sâ€compopt [-o|+o TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN] [-DE] [TÃŠN â€¦]cáº§n toÃ¡n tá» hai ngÃ´i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡ncontinue [n]coproc [TÃŠN] Lá»†NH [CHUYá»‚N-HÆ¯á»šNG]khÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y /tmp, hÃ£y táº¡o má»›i!cprintf: â€œ%câ€: kÃ½ tá»± Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡hiá»‡n táº¡ideclare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [TÃŠN[=GIÃ-TRá»Š] â€¦]Ä‘ang xÃ³a cÃ´ng viá»‡c bá»‹ dá»«ng cháº¡y %d vá»›i nhÃ³m tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh %lddescribe_pid: %ld: khÃ´ng cÃ³ pid nhÆ° váºyngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥c trá»‘ngchá»‰ sá»‘ ngÄƒn xáº¿p thÆ° má»¥cdirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]chia cho khÃ´ngkhÃ´ng cÃ³ chá»©c nÄƒng náº¡p Ä‘á»™ngecho [-n] [Ä.Sá» â€¦]echo [-neE] [Ä.Sá» â€¦]tÃªn biáº¿n máº£ng váº«n trá»‘ngenable [-a] [-dnps] [-f Táº¬P-TIN] [TÃŠN â€¦]lá»—i láº¥y cÃ¡c thuá»™c tÃnh thiáº¿t bá»‹ cuá»‘i: %sgáº·p lá»—i khi nháºp vÃ o Ä‘á»‹nh nghÄ©a hÃ m cho â€œ%sâ€lá»—i Ä‘áº·t cÃ¡c thuá»™c tÃnh thiáº¿t bá»‹ cuá»‘i: %seval [Ä.Sá» â€¦]eval: vÆ°á»£t quÃ¡ má»©c Ä‘á»™ eval lá»“ng nhau tá»‘i Ä‘a (%d)exec [-cl] [-a TÃŠN] [Lá»†NH [Äá»I-Sá» â€¦]] [CHUYá»‚N-HÆ¯á»šNG â€¦]exit [n]cáº§n â€œ)â€sá»‘ mÅ© nhá» hÆ¡n 0export [-fn] [TÃŠN[=GIÃ-TRá»Š] â€¦] hoáº·c export -pcáº§n biá»ƒu thá»©cvÆ°á»£t quÃ¡ ngÆ°á»¡ng Ä‘á»‡ quy cá»§a biá»ƒu thá»©cfc [-e ENAME] [-lnr] [Äáº¦U] [CUá»I] hoáº·c fc -s [MáºªU=Láº¶P_Láº I] [Lá»†NH]fg [ÄTCV]bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tin á»Ÿ ngoáº¡i pháº¡m vicáº§n Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ tÃªn táºp tinfor (( BTHá»¨C1; BTHá»¨C2; BTHá»¨C3 )); do CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; donefor TÃŠN [in Tá»ªâ€¦ ;] do CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; donepid Ä‘Æ°á»£c tÃ¡nh nhÃ¡nh %d cÃ³ váº» Ä‘ang cháº¡y trong cÃ´ng viá»‡c %dváº¥n Ä‘á» phÃ¢n tÃch cÃº phÃ¡p Ä‘á»‹nh dáº¡ng: %sfree: Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i vá»›i Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ khá»‘i Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c giáº£i phÃ³ngfree: Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i vá»›i Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ khá»‘i chÆ°a cáº¥p phÃ¡tfree: kÃch cá»¡ Ä‘oáº¡n Ä‘áº§u vÃ cuá»‘i khÃ´ng trÃ¹ngfree: phÃ¡t hiá»‡n sá»± trÃ n ngÆ°á»£c; mh_nbytes á»Ÿ ngoáº¡i pháº¡m vifunction TÃŠN { CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; } or TÃŠN () { CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; }phiÃªn báº£n há»‡ vá» má»›i sáº½ Ã©p buá»™c Æ°á»›c lÆ°á»£ng dÆ°á»›i dáº¡ng má»™t hÃ m thay tháº¿ sá»‘ há»cgetcwd: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ truy cáºp thÆ° má»¥c cáº¥p trÃªngetopts CHUá»–I-TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN TÃŠN [Ä.Sá»]hash [-lr] [-p ÄÆ¯á»œNG-DáºªN] [-dt] [TÃŠN â€¦]táº¯t bÄƒmhelp [-dms] [MáºªU â€¦]trá»£ giÃºp khÃ´ng sáºµn cÃ³ á»Ÿ phiÃªn báº£n nÃ ytÃ i liá»‡u nÃ y á»Ÿ dÃ²ng %d Ä‘á»‹nh giá»›i báº±ng káº¿t thÃºc táºp tin (muá»‘n â€œ%sâ€)history [-c] [-d OFFSET] [n] hay history -anrw [T.TIN] hay history -ps Ä.Sá» [Ä.Sá»â€¦]vá»‹ trÃ lá»‹ch sá»Ä‘áº·c táº£ lá»‹ch sá»gá»£i Ã½ lá»‡nh cáº§n Ä‘á»‹nh danh sau tÄƒng/giáº£m dáº§n trÆ°á»›cif Lá»†NH; then CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; [ elif CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; then CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; ]â€¦ [ else CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; ] fiinitialize_job_control: getpgrp bá»‹ lá»—iinitialize_job_control: ká»· luáºt dÃ²nginitialize_job_control: setpgidcÆ¡ sá»‘ (toÃ¡n há»c) khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡cÆ¡ sá»‘ khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡sai kÃ½ tá»± %d trong exportstr cho %ssá»‘ tháºp lá»¥c khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡sá»‘ khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡sá»‘ bÃ¡t phÃ¢n khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡sá»‘ thá»© tá»± tÃn hiá»‡u khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡cÃ´ng viá»‡c %d Ä‘Ã£ khá»Ÿi cháº¡y mÃ khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡cÄTCV [&]jobs [-lnprs] [ÄTCV â€¦] hoáº·c jobs -x Lá»†NH [Äá»I-Sá»]kill [-s ÄTTH | -n sá»‘_tÃn_hiá»‡u | -ÄTTH] pid | ÄTCV â€¦ hoáº·c kill -l [ÄTTH]lá»‡nh cuá»‘i: %s let Äá»I-Sá» [Äá»I-Sá» â€¦]giá»›i háº¡ndÃ²ng %d: chÆ°a báºt sá»a Ä‘á»•i dÃ²ngtáº£i hÃ m cho %s tráº£ vá» lá»—i nghiÃªm trá»ng (%d): nÃªn khÃ´ng Ä‘Æ°á»£c táº£ilocal [tÃ¹y_chá»n] TÃŠN[=GIÃ-TRá»Š] â€¦Ä‘Äƒng xuáº¥t logout [n]Ä‘áº¿m vÃ²ngmake_here_document: kiá»ƒu chá»‰ lá»‡nh sai %dmake_local_variable: khÃ´ng cÃ³ ngá»¯ cáº£nh hÃ m á»Ÿ pháº¡m vi hiá»‡n thá»imake_redirection: chá»‰ dáº«n chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng â€œ%dâ€ náº±m ngoÃ i pháº¡m vimalloc (cáº¥p phÃ¡t bá»™ nhá»›): khá»‘i bá»™ nhá»› dÃ nh riÃªng trÃªn danh sÃ¡ch cÃ¡c khá»‘i cÃ²n trá»‘ng bá»‹ ghi vÃ omalloc: kháº³ng Ä‘á»‹nh gáº·p lá»—i: %s mapfile [-d delim] [-n Sá»-LÆ¯á»¢NG] [-O Gá»C] [-s Sá»-LÆ¯á»¢NG] [-t] [-u fd] [-C Gá»ŒI-NGÆ¯á»¢C] [-c LÆ¯á»¢NG] [Máº¢NG]vÆ°á»£t quÃ¡ sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng tÃ i-liá»‡u-Ä‘Ã¢y tá»‘i Ä‘achuyá»ƒn tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh sang CPU khÃ¡cthiáº¿u â€œ)â€thiáº¿u â€œ]â€thiáº¿u chá»¯ sá»‘ tháºp lá»¥c phÃ¢n cho \xthiáº¿u chá»¯ sá»‘ unicode cho \%ckhÃ´ng há»— trá»£ thao tÃ¡c máº¡ngkhÃ´ng cÃ³ â€œ=â€ trong exportstr cho %sthiáº¿u dáº¥u Ä‘Ã³ng â€œ%câ€ trong %skhÃ´ng tÃ¬m tháº¥y lá»‡nhkhÃ´ng cÃ³ trá»£ giÃºp cho â€œ%sâ€. HÃ£y cháº¡y lá»‡nh â€œhelp helpâ€ hoáº·c â€œman -k %sâ€ hay â€œinfo %sâ€.khÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡ckhÃ´ng cÃ³ Ä‘iá»u khiá»ƒn cÃ´ng viá»‡c trong há»‡ vá» nÃ ykhÃ´ng khá»›p: %skhÃ´ng cÃ³ thÆ° má»¥c khÃ¡ckhÃ´ng cho phÃ©p dÃ¹ng tÃ¹y chá»n thÃªm vá»›i â€œ-xâ€hiá»‡n thá»i khÃ´ng thá»±c thi chá»©c nÄƒng tá»± hoÃ n thiá»‡nkhÃ´ng pháº£i há»‡ vá» Ä‘Äƒng nháºp: hÃ£y dÃ¹ng lá»‡nh â€œexitâ€sá»‘ bÃ¡t phÃ¢nchá»‰ cÃ³ nghÄ©a trong vÃ²ng láº·p â€œforâ€, â€œwhileâ€ hay â€œuntilâ€lá»—i á»‘ng dáº«npop_scope: Ä‘áº§u cá»§a shell_variables (cÃ¡c biáº¿n há»‡ vá») khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ pháº¡m vi mÃ´i trÆ°á»ng táº¡m thá»ipop_var_context: Ä‘áº§u cá»§a shell_variables (cÃ¡c biáº¿n há»‡ vá») khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ ngá»¯ cáº£nh hÃ mpop_var_context: khÃ´ng cÃ³ ngá»¯ cáº£nh global_variables (cÃ¡c biáº¿n toÃ n cá»¥c)popd [-n] [+N | -N]sáº¯p bá»‹ máº¥t Ä‘iá»‡n Ä‘á»™t ngá»™tprint_command: bá»™ káº¿t ná»‘i sai â€œ%dâ€printf [-v BIáº¾N] Äá»ŠNH-Dáº NG [CÃC-Äá»I-Sá»]progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEClá»—i láºp trÃ¬nhpushd [-n] [+N | -N | tmá»¥c]pwd [-LP]read [-ers] [-a Máº¢NG] [-d GIá»šI-Háº N] [-i VÄ‚N-Báº¢N] [-n Sá»-KÃ-Tá»°] [-N Sá»-KÃ-Tá»°] [-p NHáº®C] [-t THá»œI-Háº N] [-u fd] [TÃŠN â€¦]lá»—i Ä‘á»c: %d: %sreadarray [-n Äáº¾M] [-O Gá»C] [-s Sá»-LÆ¯á»¢NG] [-t] [-u FD] [-C Gá»ŒI-NGÆ¯á»¢C] [-c LÆ¯á»¢NG] [Máº¢NG]readonly [-aAf] [TÃŠN[=GIÃ-TRá»Š] â€¦] hay readonly -prealloc: Ä‘Ã£ Ä‘Æ°á»£c gá»i vá»›i Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘ khá»‘i chÆ°a cáº¥p phÃ¡trealloc: kÃch cá»¡ Ä‘oáº¡n Ä‘áº§u vÃ cuá»‘i khÃ´ng trÃ¹ngrealloc: phÃ¡t hiá»‡n sá»± trÃ n ngÆ°á»£c; mh_nbytes náº±m ngoÃ i pháº¡m vi cho phÃ©ptrÃ n ngÆ°á»£c ngÄƒn xáº¿p Ä‘á»‡ quylá»—i chuyá»ƒn hÆ°á»›ng: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ nhÃ¢n Ä‘Ã´i fdregister_alloc: %p Ä‘Ã£ cÃ³ trong báº£ng nhÆ° Ä‘Æ°á»£c cáº¥p phÃ¡t? register_alloc: báº£ng cáº¥p phÃ¡t Ä‘áº§y vá»›i FIND_ALLOC? register_free: %p Ä‘Ã£ cÃ³ trong báº£ng nhÆ° cÃ²n trá»‘ng? bá»‹ háº¡n cháº¿return [n]run_pending_traps: giÃ¡ trá»‹ sai trong danh sÃ¡ch trap_list[%d]: %prun_pending_traps: bá»™ xá» lÃ½ tÃn hiá»‡u lÃ SIG_DFL, Ä‘ang gá»i láº¡i %d (%s) cho chÃnh mÃ¬nhsave_bash_input: Ä‘Ã£ cÃ³ bá»™ Ä‘á»‡m cho fd má»›i %dselect TÃŠN [in CÃC Tá»ª â€¦ ;] do CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; doneset [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o TÃŠN-TÃ™Y-CHá»ŒN] [--] [Äá»I-Sá» â€¦]setlocale: %s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i miá»n Ä‘á»‹a phÆ°Æ¡ng (%s)setlocale: %s: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i miá»n Ä‘á»‹a phÆ°Æ¡ng (%s): %ssetlocale: LC_ALL: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i miá»n Ä‘á»‹a phÆ°Æ¡ng (%s)setlocale: LC_ALL: khÃ´ng thá»ƒ chuyá»ƒn Ä‘á»•i miá»n Ä‘á»‹a phÆ°Æ¡ng (%s): %scáº¥p há»‡ vá» (%d) quÃ¡ cao nÃªn Ä‘áº·t láº¡i thÃ nh 1shift [n]sá»‘ lÆ°á»£ng dá»‹chshopt [-pqsu] [-o] [tÃªn-tÃ¹y-chá»n â€¦]sigprocmask: %d: thao tÃ¡c khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡source Táº¬P-TIN [Äá»I-Sá» â€¦]start_pipeline: pgrp pipesuspend [-f]lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡pgáº·p lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p trong biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡ngáº·p lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p trong biá»ƒu thá»©c Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡n: tháº» bÃ i báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%sâ€lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p trong biá»ƒu thá»©clá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p á»Ÿ gáº§n â€œ%sâ€cÃ³ lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p á»Ÿ gáº§n tháº» bÃ i báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%sâ€lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p: â€œ((%s))â€lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p: gáº·p dáº¥u cháº¥m pháº©y â€œ;â€ báº¥t thÆ°á»nglá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p: cáº§n biá»ƒu thá»©c sá»‘ há»clá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p: toÃ¡n tá» sá»‘ há»c khÃ´ng há»£p lá»‡lá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p: cáº§n toÃ¡n háº¡nglá»—i cÃº phÃ¡p: káº¿t thÃºc táºp tin báº¥t thÆ°á»nghá»‡ thá»‘ng sáº¯p sá»¥p Ä‘á»•test [BTHá»¨C]time [-p] á»NG-DáºªNquÃ¡ nhiá»u Ä‘á»‘i sá»‘trap [-lp] [[Ä.Sá»] ÄTTH â€¦]trap_handler: tÃn hiá»‡u sai %dtype [-afptP] TÃŠN [TÃŠN â€¦]typeset [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] TÃŠN[=GIÃ-TRá»Š] â€¦ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [GIá»šI-Háº N]umask [-p] [-S] [CHáº¾-Äá»˜]unalias [-a] TÃŠN [TÃŠN â€¦]gáº·p káº¿t thÃºc táºp tin báº¥t thÆ°á»ng trong khi tÃ¬m â€œ]]â€gáº·p káº¿t thÃºc táºp tin báº¥t thÆ°á»ng trong khi tÃ¬m â€œ%câ€ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©nggáº·p káº¿t thÃºc táºp tin báº¥t thÆ°á»ng trong khi tÃ¬m â€œ)â€ tÆ°Æ¡ng á»©ngÄ‘á»‘i sá»‘ báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%sâ€ cho toÃ¡n tá» hai ngÃ´i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡nÄ‘á»‘i sá»‘ báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%sâ€ cho toÃ¡n tá» má»™t ngÃ´i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡nÄ‘á»‘i sá»‘ báº¥t thÆ°á»ng cho toÃ¡n tá» hai ngÃ´i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡nÄ‘á»‘i sá»‘ báº¥t thÆ°á»ng cho toÃ¡n tá» má»™t ngÃ´i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡ngáº·p tháº» bÃ i báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%dâ€ trong cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡ngáº·p tháº» bÃ i báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%câ€ trong cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡ngáº·p tháº» bÃ i báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%sâ€ trong cÃ¢u lá»‡nh Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡ntháº» bÃ i báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%sâ€, cáº§n toÃ¡n tá» hai ngÃ´i Ä‘iá»u kiá»‡ngáº·p tháº» bÃ i báº¥t thÆ°á»ng â€œ%sâ€, cáº§n â€œ)â€khÃ´ng rÃµlá»—i lá»‡nh khÃ´ng rÃµunset [-f] [-v] [-n] [TÃŠN â€¦]until CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; do CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; donecÆ¡ sá»‘ cÃ³ giÃ¡ trá»‹ quÃ¡ lá»›nbiáº¿n â€” tÃªn vÃ nghÄ©a cá»§a má»™t sá»‘ biáº¿n há»‡ vá»wait [-n] [id â€¦]wait [pid â€¦]wait: pid %ld khÃ´ng pháº£i lÃ tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh con cá»§a há»‡ vá» nÃ ywait_for: KhÃ´ng cÃ³ má»¥c ghi vá» tiáº¿n trÃ¬nh %ldwait_for_job: cÃ´ng viá»‡c %d bá»‹ dá»«ng cháº¡ywaitchld: Ä‘ang báºt WNOHANG Ä‘á»ƒ trÃ¡nh bá»‹ cháº·n vÃ´ háº¡ncáº£nh bÃ¡o: cáº£nh bÃ¡o: %s: %scáº£nh bÃ¡o: tÃ¹y chá»n â€œ-Câ€ cÃ³ thá»ƒ khÃ´ng hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng nhÆ° báº¡n mong Ä‘á»£icáº£nh bÃ¡o: tÃ¹y chá»n â€œ-Fâ€ cÃ³ thá»ƒ khÃ´ng hoáº¡t Ä‘á»™ng nhÆ° mong Ä‘á»£iwhile CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; do CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH; donelá»—i ghi: %sxtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)xtrace_set: %d: sai bá»™ mÃ´ táº£ táºp tinxtrace_set: con trá» táºp tin NULL{ CÃC;CÃ‚U;Lá»†NH ; }