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babel.core
~~~~~~~~~~
Core locale representation and locale data access.
:copyright: (c) 2013 by the Babel Team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
N)
localedata)pickle string_types)
PluralRuleUnknownLocaleErrorLocaledefault_localenegotiate_locale parse_localec C s t dd S )NzThe babel data files are not available. This usually happens because you are using a source checkout from Babel and you did not build the data files. Just make sure to run "python setup.py import_cldr" before installing the library.) RuntimeError r r /usr/lib/python3.6/core.py_raise_no_data_error s r c
C s\ t dkrPtj }tjj|d}tjj|s0t t|d}t j
|a W dQ R X t j | i S )a_ Return the dictionary for the given key in the global data.
The global data is stored in the ``babel/global.dat`` file and contains
information independent of individual locales.
>>> get_global('zone_aliases')['UTC']
u'Etc/GMT'
>>> get_global('zone_territories')['Europe/Berlin']
u'DE'
The keys available are:
- ``all_currencies``
- ``currency_fractions``
- ``language_aliases``
- ``likely_subtags``
- ``parent_exceptions``
- ``script_aliases``
- ``territory_aliases``
- ``territory_currencies``
- ``territory_languages``
- ``territory_zones``
- ``variant_aliases``
- ``windows_zone_mapping``
- ``zone_aliases``
- ``zone_territories``
.. note:: The internal structure of the data may change between versions.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
:param key: the data key
Nz
global.datrb) _global_datar Z get_base_dirospathjoinisfiler openr loadget)keydirnamefilenameZfileobjr r r
get_global# s # r Zar_SYZbg_BGZbs_BAZca_ESZcs_CZZda_DKZde_DEZel_GRZen_USZes_ESZet_EEZfa_IRZfi_FIZfr_FRZgl_ESZhe_ILZhu_HUZid_IDZis_ISZit_ITZja_JPZkm_KHZko_KRZlt_LTZlv_LVZmk_MKZnl_NLZnn_NOZnb_NOZpl_PLZpt_PTZro_ROZru_RUZsk_SKZsl_SIZsv_SEZth_THZtr_TRZuk_UA)'arZbgZbsZcaZcsZdaZdeZelenZesZetZfaZfifrZglZheZhuidisitZjaZkmZkoltZlvZmknlZnnnoZplZptZroZruZskZslZsvZthZtrZukc @ s e Zd ZdZdd ZdS )r z[Exception thrown when a locale is requested for which no locale data
is available.
c C s t j| d| || _dS )zjCreate the exception.
:param identifier: the identifier string of the unsupported locale
zunknown locale %rN) Exception__init__
identifier)selfr' r r r
r& a s zUnknownLocaleError.__init__N)__name__
__module__ __qualname____doc__r& r r r r
r \ s c @ s e Zd ZdZdrddZedefddZedefdd Zedsd d Z d
d Z
dd Z dd Z dd Z
dd Zedd ZdtddZeedd Zdud d Zeed d Zdvd d!Zeed"d Zdwd#d$Zeed%d Zed&d' Zed(d) Zed*d+ Zed,d- Z ed.d/ Z ed0d1 Z ed2d3 Z ed4d5 Z ed6d7 Z!ed8d9 Z"ed:d; Z#edd? Z%ed@dA Z&edBdC Z'edDdE Z(edFdG Z)edHdI Z*edJdK Z+edLdM Z,edNdO Z-edPdQ Z.edRdS Z/edTdU Z0edVdW Z1edXdY Z2edZd[ Z3ed\d] Z4ed^d_ Z5ed`da Z6edbdc Z7eddde Z8edfdg Z9edhdi Z:edjdk Z;edldm ZdS )xr aY Representation of a specific locale.
>>> locale = Locale('en', 'US')
>>> repr(locale)
"Locale('en', territory='US')"
>>> locale.display_name
u'English (United States)'
A `Locale` object can also be instantiated from a raw locale string:
>>> locale = Locale.parse('en-US', sep='-')
>>> repr(locale)
"Locale('en', territory='US')"
`Locale` objects provide access to a collection of locale data, such as
territory and language names, number and date format patterns, and more:
>>> locale.number_symbols['decimal']
u'.'
If a locale is requested for which no locale data is available, an
`UnknownLocaleError` is raised:
>>> Locale.parse('en_XX')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
UnknownLocaleError: unknown locale 'en_XX'
For more information see :rfc:`3066`.
Nc C s< || _ || _|| _|| _d| _t| }tj|s8t|dS )a Initialize the locale object from the given identifier components.
>>> locale = Locale('en', 'US')
>>> locale.language
'en'
>>> locale.territory
'US'
:param language: the language code
:param territory: the territory (country or region) code
:param script: the script code
:param variant: the variant code
:raise `UnknownLocaleError`: if no locale data is available for the
requested locale
N) language territoryscriptvariant
_Locale__datastrr existsr )r( r- r. r/ r0 r' r r r
r& s
zLocale.__init__c C s t ||d}| j|S )af Return the system default locale for the specified category.
>>> for name in ['LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LC_MESSAGES']:
... os.environ[name] = ''
>>> os.environ['LANG'] = 'fr_FR.UTF-8'
>>> Locale.default('LC_MESSAGES')
Locale('fr', territory='FR')
The following fallbacks to the variable are always considered:
- ``LANGUAGE``
- ``LC_ALL``
- ``LC_CTYPE``
- ``LANG``
:param category: one of the ``LC_XXX`` environment variable names
:param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
)aliases)r parse)clscategoryr4 Z
locale_stringr r r
default s zLocale.default_c C s& t ||||d}|r"tj||dS dS )a\ Find the best match between available and requested locale strings.
>>> Locale.negotiate(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_DE', 'de_AT'])
Locale('de', territory='DE')
>>> Locale.negotiate(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['en', 'de'])
Locale('de')
>>> Locale.negotiate(['de_DE', 'de'], ['en_US'])
You can specify the character used in the locale identifiers to separate
the differnet components. This separator is applied to both lists. Also,
case is ignored in the comparison:
>>> Locale.negotiate(['de-DE', 'de'], ['en-us', 'de-de'], sep='-')
Locale('de', territory='DE')
:param preferred: the list of locale identifers preferred by the user
:param available: the list of locale identifiers available
:param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
)sepr4 )r: N)r r r5 )r6 preferred availabler: r4 r' r r r
negotiate s zLocale.negotiateTc s |dkr dS t |tr|S t |ts2td|f t||d}t|}fdd fdd} |}|dk rr|S |s~t||\}} }
} tdj||}td j| | fd
} td j|
|
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td j| | } | d
krd} |
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|| |
| f}t|} tdj| }
|
dk r.|t|
}|dk r.|S tdj|}
|
dk rtt|
\}}}}||| ||f}|dk rt|S t|dS )a6 Create a `Locale` instance for the given locale identifier.
>>> l = Locale.parse('de-DE', sep='-')
>>> l.display_name
u'Deutsch (Deutschland)'
If the `identifier` parameter is not a string, but actually a `Locale`
object, that object is returned:
>>> Locale.parse(l)
Locale('de', territory='DE')
This also can perform resolving of likely subtags which it does
by default. This is for instance useful to figure out the most
likely locale for a territory you can use ``'und'`` as the
language tag:
>>> Locale.parse('und_AT')
Locale('de', territory='AT')
:param identifier: the locale identifier string
:param sep: optional component separator
:param resolve_likely_subtags: if this is specified then a locale will
have its likely subtag resolved if the
locale otherwise does not exist. For
instance ``zh_TW`` by itself is not a
locale that exists but Babel can
automatically expand it to the full
form of ``zh_hant_TW``. Note that this
expansion is only taking place if no
locale exists otherwise. For instance
there is a locale ``en`` that can exist
by itself.
:raise `ValueError`: if the string does not appear to be a valid locale
identifier
:raise `UnknownLocaleError`: if no locale data is available for the
requested locale
Nz#Unexpected value for identifier: %r)r: c s" y | S t k
r d S X d S )N)r )parts)r6 r r
_try_load s z Locale.parse.._try_loadc s4 | }|d k r|S | d d }|d k r0|S d S )N r )r> locale)r? r r
_try_load_reducing s z(Locale.parse.._try_load_reducingZlanguage_aliasesZterritory_aliasesr Zscript_aliasesZvariant_aliasesZZZZZzzzZlikely_subtags)
isinstancer r TypeErrorr
get_locale_identifierr r r )r6 r' r: Zresolve_likely_subtagsr> Zinput_idrB rA r- r. r/ r0 Znew_idZ
likely_subtagZ language2r9 Zscript2Zvariant2r )r? r6 r
r5 sL (
z Locale.parsec C sL xdD ]}t ||sdS qW | j|jkoJ| j|jkoJ| j|jkoJ| j|jkS )Nr- r. r/ r0 F)r- r. r/ r0 )hasattrr- r. r/ r0 )r( otherr r r r
__eq__M s
z
Locale.__eq__c C s | j | S )N)rH )r( rG r r r
__ne__V s z
Locale.__ne__c C s t | j| j| j| jfS )N)hashr- r. r/ r0 )r( r r r
__hash__Y s zLocale.__hash__c C sT dg}x0d D ](}t | |}|d k r |jd||f q W d| j dj| }d| S )
N r. r/ r0 z%s=%rz%rz, z
Locale(%s))r. r/ r0 )getattrappendr- r )r( Z
parametersr valueZparameter_stringr r r
__repr__\ s
zLocale.__repr__c C s t | j| j| j| jfS )N)rE r- r. r/ r0 )r( r r r
__str__e s
zLocale.__str__c C s& | j d kr tjtjt| | _ | j S )N)r1 r ZLocaleDataDictr r2 )r( r r r
_datai s
z Locale._datac C s |dkr | }t j|}|jj| j}| js6| js6| jrg }| jrT|j|j j| j | jrn|j|j
j| j | jr|j|j j| j t d|}|r|ddj
| 7 }|S )aR Return the display name of the locale using the given locale.
The display name will include the language, territory, script, and
variant, if those are specified.
>>> Locale('zh', 'CN', script='Hans').get_display_name('en')
u'Chinese (Simplified, China)'
:param locale: the locale to use
Nz (%s)z, )r r5 languagesr r- r. r/ r0 rN scripts territoriesvariantsfilterr )r( rA ZretvalZdetailsr r r
get_display_nameo s
zLocale.get_display_namea The localized display name of the locale.
>>> Locale('en').display_name
u'English'
>>> Locale('en', 'US').display_name
u'English (United States)'
>>> Locale('sv').display_name
u'svenska'
:type: `unicode`
)docc C s$ |dkr | }t j|}|jj| jS )zReturn the language of this locale in the given locale.
>>> Locale('zh', 'CN', script='Hans').get_language_name('de')
u'Chinesisch'
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:param locale: the locale to use
N)r r5 rS r r- )r( rA r r r
get_language_name s
zLocale.get_language_namezx The localized language name of the locale.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').language_name
u'English'
c C s$ |dkr | }t j|}|jj| jS )z.Return the territory name in the given locale.N)r r5 rU r r. )r( rA r r r
get_territory_name s
zLocale.get_territory_namez The localized territory name of the locale if available.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').territory_name
u'Deutschland'
c C s$ |dkr | }t j|}|jj| jS )z+Return the script name in the given locale.N)r r5 rT r r/ )r( rA r r r
get_script_name s
zLocale.get_script_namez The localized script name of the locale if available.
>>> Locale('sr', 'ME', script='Latn').script_name
u'latinica'
c C s | j tdS )zThe english display name of the locale.
>>> Locale('de').english_name
u'German'
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').english_name
u'German (Germany)'
:type: `unicode`r )rX r )r( r r r
english_name s
zLocale.english_namec C s
| j d S )zMapping of language codes to translated language names.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').languages['ja']
u'Japanisch'
See `ISO 639 `_ for
more information.
rS )rR )r( r r r
rS s
zLocale.languagesc C s
| j d S )zMapping of script codes to translated script names.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').scripts['Hira']
u'Hiragana'
See `ISO 15924 `_
for more information.
rT )rR )r( r r r
rT s
zLocale.scriptsc C s
| j d S )zMapping of script codes to translated script names.
>>> Locale('es', 'CO').territories['DE']
u'Alemania'
See `ISO 3166 `_
for more information.
rU )rR )r( r r r
rU s
zLocale.territoriesc C s
| j d S )zMapping of script codes to translated script names.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').variants['1901']
u'Alte deutsche Rechtschreibung'
rV )rR )r( r r r
rV s zLocale.variantsc C s
| j d S )a Mapping of currency codes to translated currency names. This
only returns the generic form of the currency name, not the count
specific one. If an actual number is requested use the
:func:`babel.numbers.get_currency_name` function.
>>> Locale('en').currencies['COP']
u'Colombian Peso'
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').currencies['COP']
u'Kolumbianischer Peso'
Zcurrency_names)rR )r( r r r
currencies s zLocale.currenciesc C s
| j d S )zMapping of currency codes to symbols.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').currency_symbols['USD']
u'$'
>>> Locale('es', 'CO').currency_symbols['USD']
u'US$'
currency_symbols)rR )r( r r r
r_ s zLocale.currency_symbolsc C s
| j d S )zSymbols used in number formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('fr', 'FR').number_symbols['decimal']
u','
number_symbols)rR )r( r r r
r` s
zLocale.number_symbolsc C s
| j d S )zLocale patterns for decimal number formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').decimal_formats[None]
decimal_formats)rR )r( r r r
ra , s
zLocale.decimal_formatsc C s
| j d S )a{ Locale patterns for currency number formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').currency_formats['standard']
>>> Locale('en', 'US').currency_formats['accounting']
currency_formats)rR )r( r r r
rb 8 s zLocale.currency_formatsc C s
| j d S )zLocale patterns for percent number formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').percent_formats[None]
percent_formats)rR )r( r r r
rc F s
zLocale.percent_formatsc C s
| j d S )zLocale patterns for scientific number formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').scientific_formats[None]
scientific_formats)rR )r( r r r
rd R s
zLocale.scientific_formatsc C s, y| j d d d S tk
r& i S X dS )zrLocale display names for day periods (AM/PM).
>>> Locale('en', 'US').periods['am']
u'AM'
day_periodsz stand-aloneZwideN)rR KeyError)r( r r r
periods` s zLocale.periodsc C s
| j d S )zLocale display names for various day periods (not necessarily only AM/PM).
These are not meant to be used without the relevant `day_period_rules`.
re )rR )r( r r r
re l s zLocale.day_periodsc C s | j jdi S )zCDay period rules for the locale. Used by `get_period_id`.
day_period_rules)rR r )r( r r r
rh t s zLocale.day_period_rulesc C s
| j d S )z{Locale display names for weekdays.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').days['format']['wide'][3]
u'Donnerstag'
days)rR )r( r r r
ri z s z Locale.daysc C s
| j d S )zyLocale display names for months.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').months['format']['wide'][10]
u'Oktober'
months)rR )r( r r r
rj s z
Locale.monthsc C s
| j d S )zLocale display names for quarters.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').quarters['format']['wide'][1]
u'1. Quartal'
quarters)rR )r( r r r
rk s zLocale.quartersc C s
| j d S )a Locale display names for eras.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').eras['wide'][1]
u'Anno Domini'
>>> Locale('en', 'US').eras['abbreviated'][0]
u'BC'
eras)rR )r( r r r
rl s z Locale.erasc C s
| j d S )uc Locale display names for time zones.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').time_zones['Europe/London']['long']['daylight']
u'British Summer Time'
>>> Locale('en', 'US').time_zones['America/St_Johns']['city']
u'St. John’s'
time_zones)rR )r( r r r
rm s zLocale.time_zonesc C s
| j d S )a Locale display names for meta time zones.
Meta time zones are basically groups of different Olson time zones that
have the same GMT offset and daylight savings time.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').meta_zones['Europe_Central']['long']['daylight']
u'Central European Summer Time'
.. versionadded:: 0.9
meta_zones)rR )r( r r r
rn s zLocale.meta_zonesc C s
| j d S )ac Patterns related to the formatting of time zones.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').zone_formats['fallback']
u'%(1)s (%(0)s)'
>>> Locale('pt', 'BR').zone_formats['region']
u'Hor\xe1rio %s'
.. versionadded:: 0.9
zone_formats)rR )r( r r r
ro s zLocale.zone_formatsc C s | j d d S )zThe first day of a week, with 0 being Monday.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').first_week_day
0
>>> Locale('en', 'US').first_week_day
6
week_dataZ first_day)rR )r( r r r
first_week_day s zLocale.first_week_dayc C s | j d d S )zqThe day the weekend starts, with 0 being Monday.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').weekend_start
5
rp
weekend_start)rR )r( r r r
rr s zLocale.weekend_startc C s | j d d S )zmThe day the weekend ends, with 0 being Monday.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').weekend_end
6
rp weekend_end)rR )r( r r r
rs s zLocale.weekend_endc C s | j d d S )zThe minimum number of days in a week so that the week is counted as
the first week of a year or month.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').min_week_days
4
rp Zmin_days)rR )r( r r r
min_week_days s zLocale.min_week_daysc C s
| j d S )aJ Locale patterns for date formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').date_formats['short']
>>> Locale('fr', 'FR').date_formats['long']
date_formats)rR )r( r r r
ru s zLocale.date_formatsc C s
| j d S )aL Locale patterns for time formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en', 'US').time_formats['short']
>>> Locale('fr', 'FR').time_formats['long']
time_formats)rR )r( r r r
rv s zLocale.time_formatsc C s
| j d S )a, Locale patterns for datetime formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en').datetime_formats['full']
u"{1} 'at' {0}"
>>> Locale('th').datetime_formats['medium']
u'{1} {0}'
datetime_formats)rR )r( r r r
rw s zLocale.datetime_formatsc C s
| j d S )aA Locale patterns for formatting parts of a datetime.
>>> Locale('en').datetime_skeletons['MEd']
>>> Locale('fr').datetime_skeletons['MEd']
>>> Locale('fr').datetime_skeletons['H']
datetime_skeletons)rR )r( r r r
rx # s zLocale.datetime_skeletonsc C s
| j d S )u Locale patterns for interval formatting.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
How to format date intervals in Finnish when the day is the
smallest changing component:
>>> Locale('fi_FI').interval_formats['MEd']['d']
[u'E d. – ', u'E d.M.']
.. seealso::
The primary API to use this data is :py:func:`babel.dates.format_interval`.
:rtype: dict[str, dict[str, list[str]]]
interval_formats)rR )r( r r r
ry 0 s zLocale.interval_formatsc C s | j jdtS )a Plural rules for the locale.
>>> Locale('en').plural_form(1)
'one'
>>> Locale('en').plural_form(0)
'other'
>>> Locale('fr').plural_form(0)
'one'
>>> Locale('ru').plural_form(100)
'many'
plural_form)rR r _default_plural_rule)r( r r r
rz F s
zLocale.plural_formc C s
| j d S )ab Patterns for generating lists
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
>>> Locale('en').list_patterns['start']
u'{0}, {1}'
>>> Locale('en').list_patterns['end']
u'{0}, and {1}'
>>> Locale('en_GB').list_patterns['end']
u'{0} and {1}'
list_patterns)rR )r( r r r
r| U s zLocale.list_patternsc C s | j jdtS )a? Plural rules for the locale.
>>> Locale('en').ordinal_form(1)
'one'
>>> Locale('en').ordinal_form(2)
'two'
>>> Locale('en').ordinal_form(3)
'few'
>>> Locale('fr').ordinal_form(2)
'other'
>>> Locale('ru').ordinal_form(100)
'other'
ordinal_form)rR r r{ )r( r r r
r} e s zLocale.ordinal_formc C s
| j d S )zLocalized names for various measurement systems.
>>> Locale('fr', 'FR').measurement_systems['US']
u'am\xe9ricain'
>>> Locale('en', 'US').measurement_systems['US']
u'US'
measurement_systems)rR )r( r r r
r~ v s
zLocale.measurement_systemsc C s
| j d S )zThe text direction for the language.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').character_order
'left-to-right'
>>> Locale('ar', 'SA').character_order
'right-to-left'
character_order)rR )r( r r r
r s zLocale.character_orderc C s dj dd | jjdD S )zThe text direction for the language in CSS short-hand form.
>>> Locale('de', 'DE').text_direction
'ltr'
>>> Locale('ar', 'SA').text_direction
'rtl'
rL c s s | ]}|d V qdS )r Nr ).0Zwordr r r
s z(Locale.text_direction..-)r r split)r( r r r
text_direction s zLocale.text_directionc C s
| j d S )zDisplay names for units of measurement.
.. seealso::
You may want to use :py:func:`babel.units.get_unit_name` instead.
.. note:: The format of the value returned may change between
Babel versions.
unit_display_names)rR )r( r r r
r s zLocale.unit_display_names)NNN)r9 T)N)N)N)N)?r) r* r+ r, r& classmethodLOCALE_ALIASESr8 r= r5 rH rI rK rP rQ propertyrR rX Z display_namerZ Z
language_namer[ Zterritory_namer\ Z script_namer] rS rT rU rV r^ r_ r` ra rb rc rd rg re rh ri rj rk rl rm rn ro rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz r| r} r~ r r r r r r r
r l s
o
c C s | ddddf}xt d|D ]~}tj|}|r|dkrJd|krJ|jdd }|jdd d krbd }n|rv||krv|| }y tt|S tk
r Y qX qW dS )
a Returns the system default locale for a given category, based on
environment variables.
>>> for name in ['LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE']:
... os.environ[name] = ''
>>> os.environ['LANG'] = 'fr_FR.UTF-8'
>>> default_locale('LC_MESSAGES')
'fr_FR'
The "C" or "POSIX" pseudo-locales are treated as aliases for the
"en_US_POSIX" locale:
>>> os.environ['LC_MESSAGES'] = 'POSIX'
>>> default_locale('LC_MESSAGES')
'en_US_POSIX'
The following fallbacks to the variable are always considered:
- ``LANGUAGE``
- ``LC_ALL``
- ``LC_CTYPE``
- ``LANG``
:param category: one of the ``LC_XXX`` environment variable names
:param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
ZLANGUAGELC_ALLLC_CTYPEZLANGN:r .CPOSIXZ en_US_POSIX)r r )rW r getenvr rE r
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r9 c C s dd |D }x|| D ]t}|j }||kr,|S |rZ|j|}|rZ|jd|}|j |krZ|S |j|}t|dkr|d j |kr|d S qW dS )ul Find the best match between available and requested locale strings.
>>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_DE', 'de_AT'])
'de_DE'
>>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['en', 'de'])
'de'
Case is ignored by the algorithm, the result uses the case of the preferred
locale identifier:
>>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_de', 'de_at'])
'de_DE'
>>> negotiate_locale(['de_DE', 'en_US'], ['de_de', 'de_at'])
'de_DE'
By default, some web browsers unfortunately do not include the territory
in the locale identifier for many locales, and some don't even allow the
user to easily add the territory. So while you may prefer using qualified
locale identifiers in your web-application, they would not normally match
the language-only locale sent by such browsers. To workaround that, this
function uses a default mapping of commonly used langauge-only locale
identifiers to identifiers including the territory:
>>> negotiate_locale(['ja', 'en_US'], ['ja_JP', 'en_US'])
'ja_JP'
Some browsers even use an incorrect or outdated language code, such as "no"
for Norwegian, where the correct locale identifier would actually be "nb_NO"
(Bokmål) or "nn_NO" (Nynorsk). The aliases are intended to take care of
such cases, too:
>>> negotiate_locale(['no', 'sv'], ['nb_NO', 'sv_SE'])
'nb_NO'
You can override this default mapping by passing a different `aliases`
dictionary to this function, or you can bypass the behavior althogher by
setting the `aliases` parameter to `None`.
:param preferred: the list of locale strings preferred by the user
:param available: the list of locale strings available
:param sep: character that separates the different parts of the locale
strings
:param aliases: a dictionary of aliases for locale identifiers
c S s g | ]}|r|j qS r )lower)r ar r r
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c C s` d| kr| j ddd } d| kr0| j ddd } | j |}|jdj }|j s\td| d } }}|rt|d dkr|d j r|jdj }|rt|d dkr|d j r|jdj }n&t|d d kr|d j r|jd}|rBt|d dkr|d d j s:t|d d
krB|d d j rB|j }|rTtd | ||||fS ) a Parse a locale identifier into a tuple of the form ``(language,
territory, script, variant)``.
>>> parse_locale('zh_CN')
('zh', 'CN', None, None)
>>> parse_locale('zh_Hans_CN')
('zh', 'CN', 'Hans', None)
The default component separator is "_", but a different separator can be
specified using the `sep` parameter:
>>> parse_locale('zh-CN', sep='-')
('zh', 'CN', None, None)
If the identifier cannot be parsed into a locale, a `ValueError` exception
is raised:
>>> parse_locale('not_a_LOCALE_String')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: 'not_a_LOCALE_String' is not a valid locale identifier
Encoding information and locale modifiers are removed from the identifier:
>>> parse_locale('it_IT@euro')
('it', 'IT', None, None)
>>> parse_locale('en_US.UTF-8')
('en', 'US', None, None)
>>> parse_locale('de_DE.iso885915@euro')
('de', 'DE', None, None)
See :rfc:`4646` for more information.
:param identifier: the locale identifier string
:param sep: character that separates the different components of the locale
identifier
:raise `ValueError`: if the string does not appear to be a valid locale
identifier
r r r @z expected only letters, got %rN r@ z#%r is not a valid locale identifier) r popr isalphar r titleupperisdigit)r' r: r> langr/ r. r0 r r r
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$$ c C sD t | dd } | ddt| \}}}}|jtd||||fS )a The reverse of :func:`parse_locale`. It creates a locale identifier out
of a ``(language, territory, script, variant)`` tuple. Items can be set to
``None`` and trailing ``None``\s can also be left out of the tuple.
>>> get_locale_identifier(('de', 'DE', None, '1999'))
'de_DE_1999'
.. versionadded:: 1.0
:param tup: the tuple as returned by :func:`parse_locale`.
:param sep: the separator for the identifier.
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